Lecture 10

Question 1

Response bias- Validity

Answer 1

Response bias affects the validity of the interpretation. We can’t know if the test measures what it actually has to measure if the responses are biased.

Question 2

Response set

Answer 2

temporary factors which reflect test situation or the test itsef. (long test/unclear items) ( trying to finish it quickly context dependent)

Question 3

Response style

Answer 3

stable caharcateristics of person (regardeless the test or content)

Question 4

yea-saying

Answer 4

tendency to agree with all questions in a survey

Question 5

nay- saying

Answer 5

tendency to diasgree with all questions in a survey.

Question 6

Acquiescence bias

Answer 6

Tendency to agree with statements or say yes in surveys.
1-Items can be jard to understand
2- All itemse may be positively keyed
3- distractions in the enviroment
4- Desire to be agreeable

Question 7

Extreme reposning ( Mid-point responding)

Answer 7

Tendency to choose or to avoid extreme reponse options.
1- depends on reponse style (personality characteristics)
2- Item content can be extreme political issues ( abortion, legalizing drugs etc.)

Question 8

Extreme reposnding depends on?

Answer 8

1-Chosen reponse scale
2- Cultural differences ( middle east and latin america more likely to extreme respond) (Americans mor epositive >Dutch )

Question 9

Extreme reposnding reults?

Answer 9

1- Relations between latent score and observed testscore is affected.
2- Because of this the rank order of the people on the scale changes.

Question 10

Social desirability

Answer 10

Tendency to appear socially appealing.
Depends on:
1- test content ( Do you ever lie)
2-Testing context (anonimity reduces, job application increases)
3-Person characteristics (need to approval, Self-deceptive Enhancement)

Question 11

Self-Deceptive Enhancement

Answer 11

Test takers hold unrealistically positive view of themselves. unconsciously

Question 12

Social desirability item reponse

Answer 12

result of caharcteritiscs of the person, situatation and item.

Question 13

Manage test context

Answer 13

1- Minimize the frustration: response bias may be avoided by minimizing stress, fatigue frustration, clear item content
2- Socially desirable answers may be avoided if the repondent thinks their responses may be checked. (This can also be unethical)

Question 14

Manage test content or scoring- Prevent bias

Answer 14

1- Simple clear item content should be used to avoid frustrations.
2-Forced choice items should be used

Question 15

Manage test content or scoring- minimize the effct of bias

Answer 15

To prevent acquiescence bias we can used balanced positve and negatively formalated questions.
- This can be tested through negative factor model.

Question 16

Specialized tests- detect bias and intervene

Answer 16

Against careless and random responding: include manipulation checks ( Today I have breathed (yes/no)

Question 17

Manage test content or scoring- Validity scales

Answer 17

Validity scales: set of items included in a test to detect response bias
T scales to detect response bias:
1-L scale
2- F-scale
3- K-scale
4- VRIN scale
5-TRIN scale

Question 18

Specialized tests

Answer 18

Special tests developed tp asses response bias. (ex: Brief Inventory of desirable Responding)

Question 19

Restriction range

Answer 19

1-Floor affect
2-Ceiling affect

Question 20

Overclaiming technique

Answer 20

Overclaiming tests measure socially desirable responding by asking participants about their familiarity with real and fictional items. For example, “Queen Shattuck” is fictional, but claiming familiarity with it suggests overclaiming, possibly due to the desire to appear knowledgeable.