Lecture 1: Principles of Physiology Flashcards
Unifying themes of Physiological Processes
> obeys physical and chemicals laws
regulated to maintain internal conditions and
trigger an appropriate response
physiological state of an animal is part of its
phenotype, which arises as the product of
genotype, and its
interaction with the environment.
Subdisciplines of Physiology
> Comparative Physiology
Environmental Physiology
Evolutionary Physiology
Developmental Physiology
Cell Physiology
Species are compared in order to discern physiological and environmental patterns
Comparative Physiology
Examines organisms in the context of the environments they inhabit (evolutionary adaptations)
Environmental Physiology
Techniques of evolutionary biology and systematics are used to understand the evolution of organisms from physiological viewpoint, focusing on physiological markers rather than anatomic marker
Evolutionary Physiology
How physiological processes unfold during the course of organism development from embryo through larva or fetus to adulthood
Developmental Physiology
Vital information on the physiology of the cells themselves, which can be used to understand the physiological responses of tissues, organs, and organ systems
Cell Physiology
Central Themes in Physiology
> Structure/Function Relationships
Adaptation, Acclimatization, and Acclimation
Knowledge of a _____ provides insight into _____ and _____
> Structure
What it does
How it works
A physiological, biochemical, or anatomic change within an individual animal during its life that results from an animal’s chronic exposure in its native habitat to new, naturally occurring environmental condition
Acclimatization
Refers to the same process as acclimatization when the changes are induced experimentally in the laboratory or in the wild by an investigator
Acclimation
Animals that can survive large fluctuations in
external osmolarity
Euryhaline
Adaptation of some aquatic invertebrates in temporary ponds where they lose almost all their
body water and survive in a dormant state
Anhydrobiosis
An organism, usually fish, that cannot tolerate a wide fluctuation in the salinity of water.
Stenohaline
Maintain ion concentrations of body fluids above environmental levels when placed in dilute water vice versa
Osmoregulators
