Introduction

Question 1

The 19th century French pioneer of modern physiology.

Answer 1

Claude Bernard

Question 2

milieu interieur

Answer 2

Internal environment

Question 3

The tendency of an organism to maintain relative internal stability.

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

The two major systems for coordinating and controlling responses to stimuli.

Answer 4

Endocrine and Nervous System

Question 5

Internal body fluids that link exchange surfaces to body cells.

Answer 5

Interstitial fluid

Question 6

Occurring as sheets or cells, covers the outside of the body and line organs and cavities within the body.

Answer 6

Epithelial Tissues

Question 7

Dice-shaped cells specialized for secretion, makes up the tissues of kidney tubules and many glands, including the thyroid and salivary glands.

Answer 7

Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 8

Large, brick-shaped cells often found where secretion or active absorption is important. Lines the intestines, secreting digestive juices and absorbing nutrients

Answer 8

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Question 9

Plate like cells that functions in the exchange of material by diffusion. It is thin and leaky, and lines blood vessels and the air sacs of the lungs, where diffusion of nutrients and gases is critical.

Answer 9

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 10

Consists of a single layer of cells varying in height and the position of their nuclei. Forms a mucous membrane that lines portions of the respiratory tract.

Answer 10

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 11

Is multilayered and
regenerates rapidly. New cells formed by division near the basal surface push outward, replacing cells that are sloughed off. commonly found on surfaces subject to abrasion,
such as the outer skin and the linings of the mouth, anus, and vagina.

Answer 11

Stratified Squamous
Epithelium

Question 12

Consists of a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix, holds many tissues and
organs together and in place.

Answer 12

Connective Tissue

Question 13

Binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place. Found in the skin and throughout the body.

Answer 13

Loose Connective Tissue

Question 14

Is dense with collagenous fibers. Found in tendons, which attach muscles to bones, and in ligaments, which connect bones at joints

Answer 14

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Question 15

A mineralized connective tissue.

Answer 15

Bone

Question 16

A specialized loose connective tissue that
stores fat in adipose cells distributed throughout its matrix.

Answer 16

Adipose Tissue

Question 17

Contains collagenous
fibers embedded in a rubbery protein-carbohydrate complex
called chondroitin sulfate.

Answer 17

Cartilage

Question 18

Cells that secrete collagen and chondroitin sulfate, which together makes cartilage.

Answer 18

Chondrocytes

Question 19

Has a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma, which consists of water, salts, and dissolved proteins.

Answer 19

Blood

Question 20

The signaling molecules broadcast throughout the body by the endocrine system are called

Answer 20

Hormones

Question 21

is especially well adapted for coordinating gradual changes that affect the entire body, such as growth, development, reproduction, metabolic
processes, and digestion.

Answer 21

Endocrine System

Question 22

is well suited for directing immediate and rapid responses to the environment, such as reflexes and other rapid movements.

Answer 22

Nervous System

Question 23

Animals manage their internal environment when faced with fluctuations in the external environment by either ___ or ___ .

Answer 23

> Regulating
Conforming

Question 24

An animal is a _____ for an environmental variable if it uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face of external fluctuation.

Answer 24

Regulator

Question 25

An animal is a _____ for a particular variable if it allows its internal condition to change in
accordance with external changes in the variable.

Answer 25

Conformer

Question 26

a control mechanism that reduces, or “damps,” the stimulus.

Answer 26

Negative Feedback

Question 27

is a control mechanism that amplifies rather than reduces the stimulus.

Answer 27

Positive Feedback

Question 28

A fluctuation in a variable above or below the set point

Answer 28

Stimulus

Question 29

Monitors the internal environment and detects changes in the variable.

Answer 29

Sensor

Question 30

When a sensor detects a deviation from the set point, it sends a signal to the ____ which processes this information and generates an output.

Answer 30

Control Center

Question 31

Is the study of the biological functions of organs and their interrelationships

Answer 31

Physiology

Question 32

coined the term homeostasis to describe this stable internal environment

Answer 32

Walter Cannon