Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO108: General Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What two systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

A

nervous and endocrine systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the nervous system regulate physiological activities?

A

neurotransmitters (short-term, specific responses to stimuli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the endocrine system regulate physiological activities?

A

Hormones (long-term regulation of metabolic processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Five ‘pure’ endocrine glands

A
  1. Pituitary
  2. Pineal
  3. Thyroid
  4. Parathyroid
  5. Adrenal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Four organs containing endocrine cells:

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Thymus
  3. Gonads
  4. Hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endocrine cells release hormones directly into _______ , _______ , or _______ .

A
  1. Interstitial fluids
  2. Lymphoid systems
  3. Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which gland is controlled by the hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The two lobes of the pituitary gland

A
  1. Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe)
  2. Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hormones stored and released by the neurohypophysis

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What condition results from an inability to produce ADH?

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of oxytocin

A
  1. Cause uterine contractions
  2. Milk letdown in lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormones released by Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe)

A
  1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  3. Growth hormone (GH)
  4. Prolactin (PRL)
  5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  6. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Three hormones released by the adenohypophysis that target other glands (Tropic)

A
  1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  3. Gonadotropic hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Three hormones released by the adenohypophysis that do not affect other glands (Non-tropic)

A
  1. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
  2. Growth hormone (GH)
  3. Prolactin (PRL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormone that has both tropic and non-tropic effects

A

Growth hormone (GH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A disorder that results from a lack of growth hormone during childhood

A

Pituitary dwarfism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A disorder results from excess growth hormone during childhood

A

Gigantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A disorder results from excess growth hormone in adulthood

A

Acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Two main thyroid hormones involved in metabolism

A
  1. Thyroxine (T4)
  2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hormone involved in calcium homeostasis

A

Calcitonin

22
Q

Connects the two main lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Isthmus

23
Q

Mineral that is essential for thyroid hormone production

A

Iodine

24
Q

Also known as severe hypothyroidism in adults; characterized by lethargy, weight gain, loss of hair

A

Myxedema

25
Q

Severe hypothyroidism during development resulting in short stature, stocky body type, and mental retardation.

A

Cretinism

26
Q

Hyperthyroidism causing exophthalmic goiter (bulging eyes due to edema), hyperactivity, and arrhythmias

A

Grave’s disease

27
Q

Functions of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A
  1. Stimulates osteoclasts
  2. Decrease calcium secretion by kidneys
  3. Activates vitamin D
28
Q

Happens as a result of removal or destruction of parathyroids

A

Hypocalcemia

29
Q

What happens to the blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormones are released

A

Increases

30
Q

Hormones that aid in the development of T-cells of the immune system

A

Thymosins

31
Q

Endocrine gland that is most active during childhood and atrophies as one ages

A

Thymus gland

32
Q

Hormone produced by the pineal gland

A

Melatonin

33
Q

Parts of the Adrenal Glands

A
  1. Cortex (outer)
  2. Medulla (inner)
34
Q

Hormones released by the adrenal medulla

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Norepinephrine
35
Q

A part of the adrenal gland that is a neurosecretory structure

A

Medulla

36
Q

A part of the adrenal gland that is under the control of ACTH

A

Cortex

37
Q

Two main hormone groups produced by the adrenal cortex

A
  1. Mineralocorticoids
  2. Glucocorticoids
38
Q

Hormones that regulates salt and water balance; aids in regulation of blood volume and pressure

A

Mineralocorticoids

39
Q

Regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; causes increase in blood glucose

A

Glucocorticoids

40
Q

The adrenal cortex also produces small amounts of _______ .

A

Sex hormones (Sex steroids)

41
Q

Disorder caused by accumulation of ACTH leading to skin bronzing

A

Addison’s Disease

42
Q

Disorder caused by hypersecretion of adrenal cortex and excess cortisol leading to Diabetes mellitus, subcutaneous fat deposition in midsection, and high blood pressure

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

43
Q

Organ that contains endocrine and exocrine cells

A

Pancreas

44
Q

________ form most of the Pancreas; secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine

A

Exocrine acinar cells

45
Q

Regions of pancreas that contain the endocrine cells

A

Pancreatic islets or Islets of Langerhans

46
Q

Each pancreatic islet contain four major cells:

A
  1. Alpha cells (Glucagon)
  2. Beta cells (Insulin)
  3. Delta cells (somatostatin-GH inhibiting hormone)
  4. F cells (Pancreatic polypeptide)
47
Q

Hormone that stimulates uptake of glucose

A

Insulin

48
Q

Hormone that increases blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon

49
Q

The primary cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

Insulin-resistance

50
Q

Hormone that slows the maturation of sperm, oocytes, and reproductive organs

A

Melatonin

51
Q

Pine-cone shaped gland that contains neurons, glial cells, and special secretory cells

A

Pineal Gland

52
Q

Special secretory cells found in the Pineal gland

A

Pinealocytes

BIO108: General Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions