Lecture 1 - Overview of the Kidney

Question 1

What do the kidneys do? (4)

Answer 1

1. Water, acid/base, electrolyte balance
2. inactive compound to active vitamin D
3. Synthesis of renin and EPO
4. Elimination of waste products (organic compounds)

Question 2

Which kidney is the floater?

Answer 2

left

Question 3

Excretion =

Answer 3

filtration-reabsorption+secretion

Question 4

Urine composition (4)

Answer 4

variable conc of electrolytes
variable urinary pH
No glucose or aa
Variable urine volume

Question 5

Kidneys receive _% of C.O

Answer 5

20-25%

Question 6

What 2 arterioles are associated with glomerular capillary network?

Answer 6

afferent arteriole (pre-glomerulus)
efferent arteriole (post-glomerulus)

Question 7

Which capillary networks are associated with nephrons?

Answer 7

glomerular capillaries (glomerulus)
peritubular capillaries (tubule)/ and vasa recta (juxtamedullary nephrons only)

Question 8

The nephron is the —– of the kidney

Answer 8

functional unit

Question 9

How many nephrons are there per kidney?

Answer 9

More than 500,000 per kidney

Question 10

Wht are the 2 main types of nephrons?

Answer 10

cortical, juxtamedullary (JM)

Question 11

What are the peritubular capillaries important for?

Answer 11

Electrolyte reabsorption and secretion, and delivery of substances

Question 12

Vasa recta

Answer 12

only in JM nephrons
Important for osmotic gradient - linked to H2O absoprtion

Question 13

The nephron is made up of

Answer 13

glomerulus and tubule

Question 14

glomerulus

Answer 14

filters plasma
glomerular function

Question 15

tubule

Answer 15

modifies volume and composition of urine
tubular function

Question 16

Afferent -> ___ ->

Answer 16

afferent arteriole, glomerular capillary network, efferent arteriole

Question 17

How does the glomerulus work?

Answer 17

It works to filter blood under pressure

Question 18

What type of cells are the tubule?

Answer 18

Epithelila cell (single layer)

Question 19

Substances removed are ____ or added are ______

Answer 19

reabsorbed, secreted

Question 20

How is the final fluid excreted?

Answer 20

as urine