L7: Water Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range for PNa?

A

135-150mEq/L

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2
Q

Hyponatremia Defined as PNa+ <-

A

<135 mmnol

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3
Q

What is the most common electrolyte disorder?

A

hyponatremia

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4
Q

What is hyponatremia usually linked to?

A

usually linked to disorders in water handling

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

Nausea, headache, weakness, fatigue

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6
Q

Hypernatremia is defined as >__

A

> 150mEq/L

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7
Q

How often does hypernatremia occur in hospital admissions?

A

10%

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of hypernatremia?

A

Dehydration of brain cells, lethargy, weakness, irritability

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9
Q

Where is hypernatremia often seen?

A

in situations with impaired mental health - elderly and infants who can’t sense what they are filling

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10
Q

What can hypernatremia also indicate?

A

Hypothalamic dysfunction (diabetes insipidus)

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11
Q

50% of body Na is found in the ____ wheareas 5% is found in the ___ (kept low by the __)

A

ECF, ICF, Na/K, ATPase

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12
Q

What is the normal range for K

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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13
Q

What is K regulate dby?

A

aldosterone

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14
Q

Hypokalemia is less than

A

3.5mEq/L

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15
Q

What can cause hypokalemia?

A

vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics

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16
Q

Hypokalemia can be associated with a genetic defect in ____

A

SLCs

17
Q

Hyperkalemia is more than

A

5.0mEq/L

18
Q

Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disorder occuring in ____ of hospitalized patients

A

10%

19
Q

What is hyperkalemia associated with?

A

administration of ACE1 or K sparing diuretics

20
Q

Hyperkalemia often seen in __

A

elderly

21
Q

90 % of K is found in the ____, 2% is found in the ____ and 8% is found in the ___

A

ICF, ECF, bones

22
Q

What happens to AVP levels as there is a high and low levels of water

A

High levels of water means no AVP
Low levels of water means high AVP

23
Q

Urinary flow rate is about _ L/day

A

0.5 - 15L/day

24
Q

How does the kidney ensure water balance?

A

Through AQPs, urine volume, and counter-current system

25
Q

80% of water reabsorption is obligatory and done by these 2 parts in the tubule

A

PCT and tDLH

26
Q

Dr. Peter Agre

A

AQPs

27
Q

AQP1 - 80% obligatory and are found in

A

PCT, tDLH and vasa recta

28
Q

AQP2 - apical membrane of CD principal cells and regualted by

A

AVP

29
Q

What is AVP also known as?

A

ADH -anti-diuretic hormone

30
Q

What is the role of AVP?

A

water conservation

31
Q

What occurs with a failure to secrete AVP?

A

dramtic increase in V - diabetes insiidus

32
Q

where is AVP released from?

A

neurohypophysis

33
Q

AVP greatly influences H20 perm in ___ cells

A

CD principal cells

34
Q

In principal cells, AVP regulates __ to allow up to 20% of facultative H2O reabsorptions

A

AQP2

35
Q

80% obligatory H2O reabsorption occurs in ___ (-%) and ___(-%)

A

PCT - 65%
tDLH - 15%

36
Q

As plasma AVP increase the urine osmality ____

A

increases

37
Q

As plasma osmoloality increase vasopressein ___

A

increases

38
Q

When there is a decrease in arterial pressur the levels of vasopressin

A

rise

39
Q

AVP release is influenced by an increase in ____ and a decrease in bot __ and ___

A

Plasma osmality, BPandBlood volume