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MDSC404 Renal > L3: Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

L3: Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the glomerular capillary ultrastructure?

A

Endothelium
Basement membrane
Epithelium

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2
Q

Epithelium of the GC

A

Podocytes and pedicels attach to basement membrane and are separated by filtration slits

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3
Q

Endothelium

A

Fenestrated
Freely permeable to small molecules

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4
Q

Mesangium (M)

A

Surrounds the glomerulus
Provides structural support for capillaries
Contain contractile microfilaments
Responsive to vasoactive factors
Synthesizes PGs

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5
Q

What can we look at to measure GFR?

A

Inulin

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6
Q

Why is Inulin helpful for measuring the GFR?

A

Urinary inulin clearance is considered the gold standard for measuring GFR because inulin has all the properties of an ideal marker. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus, is not secreted or reabsorbed in the tubules, and is not synthesized or metabolized by the kidney.

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the GC ultrastructure?

A
  1. Endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium
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8
Q

What layer do we also call the podocyte later?

A

epithelium

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9
Q

What is the filtration barrier made of?

A

matrix of glycoproteins and collagen

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10
Q

What happens if the epithelium/podocytes break down?

A

Larger molecules may pass through

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11
Q

Which layer is freely permeable to small molecules?

A

Endothelium

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12
Q

How is filtration influenced?

A

By molecular charge and size

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13
Q

What does the location of the mesangium influence?

A

Filtration

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14
Q

Filtrate composition

A

Devoid of RBCs and large proteins (albumin)
COntains Na+, K+, glucose
Influenced by size (<5500D) and charge selectivity

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15
Q

What is filtrate composition similar to?

A

plasma w/out large proteins

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16
Q

GFR def

A

Rate of filtration across all nephrons

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17
Q

What is the avergae GFR

A

123mL/min = 180L/day

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18
Q

Range for males and females?

A

Males 90-140mL/min
Females 80-125mL/min

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19
Q

Up to ____% of plasma is filtered. What is this called?

A

20, filtration fraction (stays constant)

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20
Q

GFR=

A

GFR=Kf x NFP

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21
Q

Kf

A

ultrafiltration coefficient

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22
Q

NFP

A

Net filtration pressure

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23
Q

Kf can be related to ?

A

Mesangial cells

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24
Q

What does Kf regulate? Variable Y/N?

A

Regulates capillary perm and SA. Not highly variable

25
Q

NFP is the diff b/w

A

hydrostatic pressure (P) and oncotic pressure gradients (pi)

26
Q

NFP=

A

DeltaP - DeltaPi

27
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

refers to osmotically active compunds and porteins that are pulling in water

28
Q

Write out the GFR calculation

A
29
Q

PGC is ____X greater due to ____

A

2, fenestrations

30
Q

KF is ___x greater because of

A

100, mesangial cells

31
Q

PiBC is usually ___ so the equation becomes

A

0

32
Q

PGC is usually ___mmHG

A

55

33
Q

PBS is usually ___ mmHG

A

15

34
Q

NFP is usually ___mmHG

A

10

35
Q

PiBS is usually ___mmHG

A

0

36
Q

PiGC is usually ___mmHG

A

30

37
Q

GFR average

A

125ml/min

38
Q

Kf is usually mL/min per mmHg

A

12.5

39
Q

NFP is usually mmHg

A

10

40
Q

What is Glomerular Hydrostatic pressure most subject to?

A

Physiological control

41
Q

What is PGC regulated by?

A

Arterial pressure (perfusion pressure)
Autoregulation

42
Q

What are the 2 methods of renal autoregulation?

A

Myogenic mechanism (QR=P/R)
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)

43
Q

GFR=Kf x NFP
When the NFP increases what happens to the GFR?

A

increases

44
Q

What are the 3 cells that make up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus ?

A

MD - Macula densa
EGM - extraglomerular mesangium
GC - granular cells

45
Q

TGF pathway

A
46
Q

What is the receptor in TGF?

A

MD cells of JGA

47
Q

What is the control centre of the TGF

A

JGA

48
Q

What are the MD cells detecting ?

A

Increased Na, Cl, and H2O

49
Q

What do the afferent arterioles fo to decrase blood flow and decrease GFr?

A

constrict

50
Q

Normally FF remains ____ due to tight reg of both ___ and _____ (autoregP)

A

constant, GFR and RBF

51
Q

Acute and/or dramatic changes in _____ may alter FF. Give 2 examples

A

Arterial BP
Decrease - diuretics
Increase - Renal artery stenosis

52
Q

What is Renal Clearance based upon?

A

Fick principle which is the conservation of mass

53
Q

Renal Clearance is the volume of ___ cleared of a substance by the kidneys per _____ mL/min

A

plasma, unit time

54
Q

Clearance of a substance can be related to

A

GFR

55
Q

Clearance “s” is

A

substance

56
Q

Urinary flow rate is denoted by

A

V

57
Q

Renal clearance calculation

A
58
Q

4 criteria for use of substance to measure GFR

A
  1. Freely filterable in the glomeruli
  2. NOT reabsrobed or secreted by renal tubules
  3. NOT synthesized, broken down, or accumulated by the kidney
  4. Inert (not toxic or impact renal function)
59
Q

Why is creatinine only an estimated GFR

A

secreted - 10% (shouldn’t be secreted)
ENDOGENOUS

MDSC404 Renal (8 decks)

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