Lecture 1 - Overview

Question 1

What is the definition of CBT?

Answer 1

A group of
Techniques
It challenges the client’s thinking and behaviour negative habits
Formulate more adaptive thinking to solve their problems.

Question 2

What do we mean Clinical In psychology ?

Answer 2

The study of Mental health problems

Question 3

What does Counselling deal with?

Answer 3

Discipline that helps people to face big problems, like life problems and setbacks.

Question 4

What does Coaching deal with?

Answer 4

Help people to normal thinking again, engaging people, looking for enrichment, normally not big problems.

Question 5

What is Psychoanalysis (1890-1930) ?

Answer 5

Sigmund Freud
All people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories.
The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e., make the unconscious conscious.

Question 6

What is Behaviourism? (1920-1960)

What are the 4 main ideas?

Answer 6

Ivan Pavlov
Classic conditioning (1890-1900)

John Watson
Fear can be induced in humans via classic conditioning

Mary Cover
Phobia can be reduced and alleviated in humans via counter-conditioning in 1924.

Burrhus F. Skinner
Reinforcement and punishment can help to shape the behaviour of people, animals and insects from 1930 till date.

Question 7

What is Cognitive Learning (1930- till date)?

Answer 7

Edward Tolman, Albert Bandura, Daniel Kahneman
Main idea: Humans and animals do sometimes learn without punishment and reinforcement.

Albert Bandura
Cognitions with modelling

Question 8

How did Cognitive Therapy start and by who?

Answer 8

Started as :

Rational emotive therapy - by Albert Ellis - know as REBT
Main idea: Challenge irrational thinking

Cognitive therapy - by Aaron Beck
Main idea: Alter dysfunctional belief system

Question 9

What is the Cognitive Revolution?

Answer 9

The cognitive revolution - 1950s - study of the mind and its processes.

Question 10

What is Rationale Thinking?

Answer 10

A - Activating Event
B - Belief
C - No consequence

Question 11

What is the consequence of Irrational thinking?

Answer 11

Leads to Emotional disturbance

Question 12

What are the consequences of Irrational ideas?

Answer 12

Ego disturbance
Emotional tension resulting from the perception that one’s self or personal worth is threatened and lead to other problems.
Looking to other people for acceptance
Unassertive behaviour through fear of what others may think

Discomfort disturbance
Results from demands about others and about the world

Question 13

What is Rational Emotive Therapy?

Answer 13

Identify patient’s irrational beliefs - A- B - C theory

D - Teach the patient to dispute patient’s beliefs and substitute logical and rational beliefs. ????
E - Evaluate the effects of disputing their irrational beliefs.

Question 14

What are the main ideas of Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?

Answer 14

Depressed people have a negative view of:
Themselves
The world
The future

Depressed people have negative schemas or frames of reference which they interpret all events and experiences.

Negative schemas:
Always present
Unconscious
Become activated with stressful events

Question 15

Explain Beck’s cognitive therapy - First sessions

Answer 15

Identify and changing maladaptive thoughts
First sessions ; Therapists explains cognitive theory of emotional disorders.
Negative cognitions contribute to distress.

Question 16

Explain Beck’s cognitive therapy: Middle sessions

Answer 16

Client is taught to identify, evaluate and replace negative automatic thoughts with more positive cognitions.
Therapist is a collaborator - Therapist and client work together to test the logic and consistency of each negative thought.
Behavioral component - Behavioral coping strategies (problem solving skills and assertiveness training)

Question 17

Explain Beck’s Cognitive therapy: final sessions

Answer 17

Solidify gains
Broaden range of identified negative thoughts and strengthen more positive cognitions.

Focus on prevention or recurrence
Anticipates future stressful life events that might trigger a future depression and role play more adaptive responses.

Question 18

Efficay and Effectiveness of CBT

Answer 18

Well established treatment for unipolar depression
As effective alternate forms of treatment for depression including antidepressant medication.
2/3 patients relapse- have another episode of depression within two years.
Outcome is not predicted by level of intelligence
Patients with lower levels of dysfunctional thinking benefit the most (paradoxically)
Interpersonally avoidant patients do better in CBT (rather than interpersonal psychotherapy)
Patients with more obsessional styles do better in interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 19

CBT - effective for which disorders?

Answer 19

Depression
Generalized anxiety disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Panic disorder