Lecture 1: OAT for Pediatric Patient

Question 1

Cranial treatments in infants and children are highly useful for what 3 underlying problems?

Answer 1

• Poor suckle
• Infant constipation
• Birth “trauma” –> vomiting, excessive crying, poor suck, etc..

Question 2

2 cranial techniques to use in infants and children?

Answer 2

• Condylar decompression
• Balanced membranous tension

Question 3

What is a common cause of cranial dysfunctions in infants; which bone is most susceptible to dysfunction?

Answer 3

• Birth trauma; can be “normal” or “traumatic” delivery
• Occiput is cranial bone most susceptible

Question 4

An infant with “poor suck” most likely has a cranial dysfunction of which bone and which CN’s are affected?

Answer 4

• Occiput
• CN XII and IX

Question 5

An infant with reflux, vomiting, and/or colic most likely has a cranial dysfunction of which bone and which CN is affected?

Answer 5

• Occiput
• CN X

Question 6

An infant with colic and muscular dysfunction most likely has a cranial dysfunction of which bone and which CN is affected?

Answer 6

• Occiput
• CN XI

Question 7

Which cranial bone when dysfuncitonal affects the most CN’s?

Answer 7

Temporal

Question 8

Which cranial dysfunction in infants increases the likelihood of otitis media?

Answer 8

IR temporal bone

Question 9

An operative vaginal delivery (forceps, vacuum) may cause dysfunction in which 2 CN’s and what does dysfunction in each of these nerves lead to?

Answer 9

• CN VI –> lateral rectus palsy
• CN VII –> facial palsy

Question 10

Which osteopathic tx is relatvely contraindicated in anyone with hypermobile joints?

Answer 10

HVLA

Question 11

What are the spinal curvatures like in an infant?

Answer 11

• C-spine has slight lordosis, which increases as baby can support his/her head
• Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis has yet to develop

Question 12

Most joints/articulations in an infant are composed of what?

Answer 12

Cartilage

Question 13

Which types of OMT treatments are preferred for infants?

Answer 13

Indirect

Question 14

Which type of OMT should be done to the diaphragms and junctions of an infant?

Answer 14

MFR

Question 15

What are some of the common dysfunctions that may arise in school-age children due to the rapid growth + epiphyseal plates still being open?

Answer 15

• “Growing pains“
• May develop leg length discrepance during this period
• Short leg syndrome
• Functional scoliosis

Question 16

Adolescent athletes are particularly susceptible to SD and you should watch for what?

Answer 16

Hyper-mobility

Question 17

During what stage of childhood do the innominates and sacrum fuse?

Answer 17

• Innominates by age 20
• Sacrum fuses in late adolescence

Question 18

An infant presents with poor suckle/feeding, what would be a good cranial technique you could use to treat?

Answer 18

Condylar decompression

Question 19

A pediatric patient presents with GERD, which OMT modality would be good to use and what viscerosomatics would you target?

Answer 19

• Cranial may be helpful
• Viscerosomatics - OA, AA, T5-T9

Question 20

What are some OMT techniques which would be helpful in treating a pediatric patient with constipation?

Answer 20

• Tx dysfunction at viscerosomatic levels (upper and lower GI; sympathetic and parasympathetics)
• Also tx any pelvic (innominate/sacral) dysf.
• Mesenteric release

Question 21

Which parasympathetics should be targeted for respiratory complaints?

Answer 21

• Nose: facial n. (CN VII)
• OA and AA - vagus n.

Question 22

What are 3 lymphatic techniques that could be used for otitis media in a pediatric patient?

Answer 22

• Ear pull
• Gallbreath
• Muncie technique