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AGR1350 > Lecture 1 - Introduction To Poultry And Egg Production Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Introduction To Poultry And Egg Production Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy of Poultry

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes - chicken, turkey, pheasants, Guinea, quail
Anseriformes - waterfowl
Columbiformes - pigeons, doves

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2
Q

Main breeds of birds for production in Canada

A

Table eggs (non fertile)
Broilers (meat chicken)
Turkeys (for meat, no eggs)
Ducks (mostly meat)
Qual/fowls

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3
Q

What is poultry?

A

Domesticated birds bred in captivity to create products of value to humans

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4
Q

When do broilers reach market weight?

A

40 days

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5
Q

Why is there integration in the poultry industry?

A

Because all hens come from eggs and all eggs become hens. You need integration to make the industry WORK and in order to secure the supply chain. Eg. You need breeders to make breeders

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6
Q

Layer integrated system

A

Primary breeder farms -> hatchery -> breeding flock farm -> hatchery -> pulled farms -> layer farms -> egg grading/processing

Feed mill
Equipment distributor

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7
Q

Broiler integrated system

A

Principal Broiler Breeding farm -> GP. Stock farm -> Parent stock farm -> Broiler hatchery -> Broiler farm -> Poultry processing plant

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8
Q

Which person has a lot of say on the farm

A

Feed rep, have knowledge on birds, production system, processing

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9
Q

Who has contracts?

A

Layer:
Equipment distributors are contracted with each other
Egg processor/grader is contracted with breeders
Broiler:
Processors have contracts with farmers - knows who’s buying bird, where it is going to go etc.

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10
Q

In Canada, production is _______

A

Supply managed

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11
Q

What does supply management control in Canada?

A

Meet the demand of Canadian market
- control how much is produced and by who
- controls imports and exports
- controls price

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12
Q

What are the benefits of supply management?

A

Security for producers/consumers

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13
Q

What are the drawbacks of supply management?

A

Limited access to world markets
Limited competition for retailers and consumers

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14
Q

Who are the marketing boards?

A
  • egg farmers of canada/Ontario
  • chicken farmers of canada/ontario
  • Canadian hatching egg producers/ Ontario broiler hatching egg and chick commission
  • turkey farmers of canada/Ontario
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15
Q

What is the table egg production in Canada

A

789 million dozen eggs/year

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16
Q

How many regulated farmers in Canada for table egg production?

A

1200

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17
Q

Canadian egg quota allocation percentages:

A

ON: 35.7%
QB: 20.0%
Western provinces and Northwest territories: 36.8%
Atlantic provinces: 7.1%

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18
Q

What is quota?

A
  • gives the right to produces and sell eggs at the prices set by the board
  • 1 laying hen = 1 quota
  • need to adhere to boards rules and regulations
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19
Q

In which case would you not need quota?

A

Small flocks (less than 500 hens) don’t need quota

20
Q

How do you maintain quota?

A

Each hen is required to lay 25.44 dozen eggs (306 eggs) per year

21
Q

What is the price for quota?

A

It varies and can be fixed by board - can be sold and exchanged - can sell quota to leave business - price of quota alway goes up
About 295$ for quota right now

22
Q

What is the code of practice?

A
  • guideline for the care and handing of poultry
  • have to follow programs, inspections and certifications
  • commitment to phase out “standard cage” production by 2023 - replaced by - enriched colony cage systems, free run, aviaries, free range
23
Q

Conventional cage system

A
  • being phased out - birds have no room
24
Q

Enriched colony cage system

A
  • glorified cage system
  • more room to express behaviour
  • birds are provided with perches
  • scratch pad
  • laying and nest area
25
Q

Open floor (free run systems)

A
  • big floor barn
  • elevated surfaces for feed or nesting
  • advantages: chickens like to run, provide opportunities to flap wings
26
Q

Aviary systems

A
  • 3D space
  • multiple platforms, ramps
  • improves fitness
  • Drawbacks: collisions increase injury
27
Q

Free range systems

A
  • access to outdoors
  • bad for AI
28
Q

Egg production and consumption growth or decline?

A

Egg consumption will continue to grow
Egg production will continue to grow

29
Q

What would happen if there was no supply management in Canada?

A

Other countries would overtake Canadian market

30
Q

What happened to egg prices in 2014-2016?

A

Went up due to Avian influenza

31
Q

In 2020, we had ______ million dozens of egg production in canada

A

850

32
Q

In 2020, the US had ______ million dozens of egg production in canada

A

9300 million dozens of eggs

33
Q

What is the price of eggs in 2023 vs 2000 in the USA?

A

7.00$ was 0.68$

34
Q

In canada, supply management helps to…

A

Buffer the prices so they don’t jump up and down, in comparison to the US which dont have supply management and who’s prices jump around massively

35
Q

What are egg farms like in the USA?

A
  • concentration of locations with a lot of hens
  • 2000 hens - 2000000 hens
  • Multiple barns with egg processing plant included in the farm
  • larger risk of AI
36
Q

How many hens/barn in Canada?

A

60000-80000

37
Q

Who manages broiler production in Canada?

A

Chicken farmers of canada

38
Q

How manny tonnes of meat produces in 2022 in Canada?

A

1.3 million - 60% ON

39
Q

Broiler quota

A
  • supply managed system
  • quota isn’t managed per #birds but it is managed per kg of meat
40
Q

Sometimes, when there is a lack of production, the marketing boards allow

A

For import from the US to maintain consumer demand

41
Q

Broiler industry two subtopics

A

Broiler breeders - make the eggs
Broiler grower - grown to market weight

42
Q

Typical broiler breeder farm

A
  • breeder farms raise parent stock
  • natural mating - produce fertile hatching eggs
  • offspring are broilers for consumption
  • eggs shipped to hatchery
  • genetics split equally for growth
43
Q

Hatchery broiler

A
  • specialized facility to hatch fertile eggs
  • eggs are incubated and hatched and chicks are delivered
  • 21 days for eggs to hatch
44
Q

Broiler farms

A
  • newly hatched chicks transported here for growing
  • farmer provides barn, water, bedding, labor
  • grown until market weight
45
Q

turkey production system

A
  • supply managed (quota)
  • overseen by Turkey farmers of canada/Ontario
  • seasonal/smaller industry
  • not increase in production
  • structure similar to broilers
46
Q

Unique aspects of turkey prod

A
  • growth potential genetics packed in male lines (unlike chicken)
  • breeder toms too big for natural mating - artificial insemination
  • male and females raised separate;y
  • brooding section in barn

AGR1350 (16 decks)

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