Lecture 1 - Introduction To Poultry And Egg Production Systems Flashcards
Taxonomy of Poultry
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes - chicken, turkey, pheasants, Guinea, quail
Anseriformes - waterfowl
Columbiformes - pigeons, doves
Main breeds of birds for production in Canada
Table eggs (non fertile)
Broilers (meat chicken)
Turkeys (for meat, no eggs)
Ducks (mostly meat)
Qual/fowls
What is poultry?
Domesticated birds bred in captivity to create products of value to humans
When do broilers reach market weight?
40 days
Why is there integration in the poultry industry?
Because all hens come from eggs and all eggs become hens. You need integration to make the industry WORK and in order to secure the supply chain. Eg. You need breeders to make breeders
Layer integrated system
Primary breeder farms -> hatchery -> breeding flock farm -> hatchery -> pulled farms -> layer farms -> egg grading/processing
Feed mill
Equipment distributor
Broiler integrated system
Principal Broiler Breeding farm -> GP. Stock farm -> Parent stock farm -> Broiler hatchery -> Broiler farm -> Poultry processing plant
Which person has a lot of say on the farm
Feed rep, have knowledge on birds, production system, processing
Who has contracts?
Layer:
Equipment distributors are contracted with each other
Egg processor/grader is contracted with breeders
Broiler:
Processors have contracts with farmers - knows who’s buying bird, where it is going to go etc.
In Canada, production is _______
Supply managed
What does supply management control in Canada?
Meet the demand of Canadian market
- control how much is produced and by who
- controls imports and exports
- controls price
What are the benefits of supply management?
Security for producers/consumers
What are the drawbacks of supply management?
Limited access to world markets
Limited competition for retailers and consumers
Who are the marketing boards?
- egg farmers of canada/Ontario
- chicken farmers of canada/ontario
- Canadian hatching egg producers/ Ontario broiler hatching egg and chick commission
- turkey farmers of canada/Ontario
What is the table egg production in Canada
789 million dozen eggs/year
How many regulated farmers in Canada for table egg production?
1200
Canadian egg quota allocation percentages:
ON: 35.7%
QB: 20.0%
Western provinces and Northwest territories: 36.8%
Atlantic provinces: 7.1%
What is quota?
- gives the right to produces and sell eggs at the prices set by the board
- 1 laying hen = 1 quota
- need to adhere to boards rules and regulations
In which case would you not need quota?
Small flocks (less than 500 hens) don’t need quota
How do you maintain quota?
Each hen is required to lay 25.44 dozen eggs (306 eggs) per year
What is the price for quota?
It varies and can be fixed by board - can be sold and exchanged - can sell quota to leave business - price of quota alway goes up
About 295$ for quota right now
What is the code of practice?
- guideline for the care and handing of poultry
- have to follow programs, inspections and certifications
- commitment to phase out “standard cage” production by 2023 - replaced by - enriched colony cage systems, free run, aviaries, free range
Conventional cage system
- being phased out - birds have no room
Enriched colony cage system
- glorified cage system
- more room to express behaviour
- birds are provided with perches
- scratch pad
- laying and nest area
