Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards
homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal environment
exercise physiology
the study of how body structures and function are altered by exposer to acute and chronic bouts of exercise
environmental physiology
the study of the effects of the environment on the function of the body
sport physiology
the application of the concepts of exercise physiology to training athletes and enhancing sport performance
acute exercise
a single bout of exercise
chronic adaptation
a physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over weeks or months
- > these changes generally improve the body’s efficiency at rest and during exercises
Archibald V. Hill
- > exercise physiologist
- > nobel prize winner 1921
- > studied energy metabolism in isolated frog muscles
- > conducted first physiological studies on runners
John S Haldane
- > known for his work in human phys. and respiration
- > developed methods of measuring oxygen use during exercise
Harvard Fatigue Lab
- > founded by Lawrence J Henderson and directed by David Bruce Dill
- > focused on the physiology of human movement and the effects of environmental stress on exercise
- > most contemporary exercise physiologists can trace their roots back to HFL
early experiments/measurements of HFT
collecting expired air in a sealed bag known as a Douglas Bag
- > the sample of gas in the bag was measured for O2 vs CO2 levels by a gas analyzer
Scandinavian influence on exercise physiology
1 Eric Hohwu-Christensen
- > published 5 important research studies on carb and fat metabolism, 1930s
2 Per-Olof Astrand
- > conducted studies on physical fitness and endurance capacity in 50s and 60s
3 Jonas Bergstrom
- > reintroduced the biopsy needle to study human muscle biomechanics, 1966
name the 3 physiologist who heavily contributed to early ex.phys research
1 Peter Karpovich
- > helped introduce phys to phys ed
2 Thomas Cureton
- > helped establish a rational use to use exercise to promote a health lifestyle (cooper institute)
3 Elsworth Buskirk
- > established the Laboratory for Human performance in 1974
recent major contributers to exercise phys
1 John Holloszy and Charles Tipton
- > introduced biomedical approaches to ex. phys
- > first to use rats and mice to study muscle metabolism
2. Phil Gollnick - > studied individual muscle fibre characteristics and their responses to training in rats and humans
P4 Medicine
Exercise science, exercise and physiology is…
- Personalized
- Prescriptive
- Preventative
- Participatory
major female contributors to exercise physiology
Birgitta Essen
- > collabed with Bengt Saltin and Phil Gollnick in publishing the earliest studies on muscle fibre types in human muscle
Karen Piehl
- > among the first to demonstrate that nervous system selectively recruits type 1 and 2 fibres
Barbara Drinkwater
- > among the first to address issues specifically related to the female athlete
Research plan
