Lecture 1 Intro to Microbio Flashcards
Earliest forms of life may have resembled
Anaerobic bacteria
Availability of ______ resulting to ______________ contributed to _________ _________
oxygen; photosynthesis; microbial diversity
Examples of cyanobacteria
Oscillatoria sp.
Nostoc sp.
A branch of microbiology dealing with microscopic forms of life
Microbiology
Branches of microbiology
Bacteriology (study of bacteria)
Virology (study of viruses)
Mycology (study of fungi)
Phycology
Protozoology
Parasitology
Hypothetical process by which organisms develop from nonliving matter
Explanation for the emergence of life from decaying matter
Used to explain the origin of life
Spontaneous Generation Theory
Pieces of cheese and bread produce mice
Appearance of maggots in decaying meat
Spontaneous Generation Theory
So with animals, some spring from parent animals according to their kind, whilst others grow spontaneously mand not from kindred stock; and of these instances of spontaneous generation some come from putrefying earth or vegetable matter, as is the case with a number of insects, while others are spontaneously generated in the inside of animals out of the secretions of their several organs.
Aristotle
If a soiled shirt is placed in the opening of a vessel
containing grains of wheat, the reaction of the leaven in the
shirt with fumes from the wheat will, after approximately 21
days, transform the wheat into mice.
Jean Baptiste van Helmont (17th century Flemish chemist)
Grandfather of microbiology
Dutch tradesman and scientist
Observed a number of motile structures
Coined the term “animacules”
Development of microscope
Antonie Philips “Anton” van Leeuwenhoek
Evidence of spontaneous generation
Occurence of maggots on putrefying meat
Italian physician and naturalist
Used scientific method
Meat in glass jars
Where do flies come from? Is rotting meat transformed into flies?
Francesco Redi
Father of Microbiology
Effectively ended controversy of spontaneous generation
If cells arise from nonliving substances, they will appear in sterile broth
Louis Pasteur
Fermentation (wine experiment)
Pasteurization
Attenuated vax for fowl cholera
Anthrax, rabies
Louis Pasteur
Germ theory of disease (maternity ward)
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Cholera investigation in London (skeptic of miasma theory)
John Snow
Discovery of endospores (Tyndallization)
John Tyndall
Medium to grow bacteria (agar in petri dish, anthrax, TB)
Co-founder of modern microbiology
Robert Koch
Father of Modern Antisepsis (sterile surgery, less case of gangrene)
Joseph Lister
Dye called prontosil (sulfanilamide)
Dr. Gerhard Domagk
Staph colonies disappearing with mold
Alexander Fleming
First vaccine against smallpox (cowpox)
Edward Jenner
Contributed to the identification and confirmation of the causal agent of anthrax
Pasteur and Koch
Demonstrated that fowl chholera, malignant edema, and suppurative lesions were each associated with a specific bacterial infection
Pasteur
Causative organisms of tuberculosis and typhoid fever were recognized by
Koch
Four criteria designed to establish relationship between a microbe and a disease
Koch’s postulates
1. Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease
2. It must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease
4. Microorganisms must be recovered from the diseased animal
Discovered prions
Dr. Stanley B. Prusiner
