Lecture 1 - History and Scope of Pharmacology Flashcards
What type of medicine was used in the pre-scientific era?
Folk remedies
What are some characteristics of drugs used in the pre-scientific era?
From natural sources
Unknown mechanisms
Side effects not widely recognised
What are some drugs used as medicine in the pre-scientific era?
Morphine
Aspirin
Alcohol
Cocaine
What were some features of cocaine in the 19th century?
Uncontrolled
Available from shops
Mechanism not understood
What did Freud believe about the uses of cocaine in medicine?
Mental stimulant
Appetite stimulant
Help digestive disorders
Help asthma
Local anaesthetic
Aphrodisiac
What did Koller use cocaine for?
An anaesthetic during eye surgery
What did Bier and Hildebrandt use cocaine for?
- Used a self test to inject cocaine into eachothers’ spinal cords
- Pain went first, then touch, no full paralysis
- Did 6 surgeries injecting cocaine intarthecally
How did cocaine lead to modern medicine?
1900s = Was regulated
1905 = Procaine synthesised
1941 = Tetracaine
1943 = Lidocaine
What did Paul Ehrlich do?
Synthesised the first drug against syphilis
Salvarsan
What is the definition of pharmacology?
Actions of drugs on living organisms
What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?
Mechanisms of drug action
What is the definition of pharmacokinetics
Handling of drug by body
