Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs: From molecule to man > ELM9: Hypertension 2 > Flashcards

ELM9: Hypertension 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of calcium channel blockers are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which calcium channel blocker is commonly used to treat hypertension?

A

L type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the process of calcium channel blockers being used in hypertension?

A
  1. Reduce opening of L type calcium channels
  2. Target organs are vasculature and heart
  3. Vessels inhibit calcium entry
  4. Heart has reduced contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some side effects of using calcium channel blockers to treat hypertension?

A

Headache and constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is resistance?

A

Determined by diameter of resistance vessels like arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can drugs be used to control resistance?

A

Arterioles have smooth muscle triggered to contract by SNS
Drugs can interact with SNS to contract them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does noradrenaline interact with calcium concentration and cause contraction?

A
  1. Acts on alpha 1 adrenoceptors to activate PLC
  2. IP3 release which increases calcium concentration
  3. Ca sensitive chlorine channels open and cl leaves cell
  4. Depolarisation
  5. L type calcium channels open and calcium enters
  6. Contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the action as part of the noradrenaline pathway are calcium channel blockers trying to prevent?

A

Opening of L type calcium channels in response to depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system?

A

Slow control of blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cells secrete renin?

A

Cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What stimulates the production of renin?

A

Adrenaline
Prostacyclins
Decreased sodium in distal tube
Decrease in blood pressure in kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is renin secreted into?

A

Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is angiotensin produced and secreted?

A

Produced in liver
Secreted in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two drug types that act on the RAAS?

A

ACE inhibitors
ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of a renin inhibitor?

A

Aliskiren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some side effects of aliskiren?

A

Kidney problems
Stroke
Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of ACE inhibitors?

A

Prevents the formation of angiotensin I into II
Reduces aldosterone production and vasodilation as there is no active angiotensin

18
Q

What are some examples of ACE inhibitors?

A

Captopril
Lisinopril

19
Q

What are some side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Initial dose hypotension
Cough

20
Q

What does the angiotensin II type 1 receptor do?

A

Vascular effects
Aldosterone release

21
Q

What does the angiotensin II type 2 receptor do?

A

Growth and development

22
Q

What is the role of angiotensin II antagonists? (ARBs)

A

Treat hypertension

23
Q

What are some examples of ARBs?

A

Losartan
Candesartan

24
Q

What are some side effects of ARBs?

A

Hypotension but no cough

25
Q

What are some other clinical uses of ACEs and ARBs?

A

In heart failure
After heart attack

26
Q

What is a diuretic?

A

Causes increased urine output

27
Q

How do diuretics work to treat hypertension?

A
  1. Increase urine output
  2. Decrease in intravascular salt and water concentration
  3. Lower blood pressure
28
Q

What are the three main types of diuretics?

A

Loop
Thiazide
Potassium sparing

29
Q

What are loop diuretics?

A

Water cannot be absorbed from descending limb and only happens in ascending
Water loss in ascending driven by sodium loss If this is blocked there is less water lost from the urine

30
Q

What are the main examples of loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide

31
Q

How do the two main loop diuretics work?

A

Inhibit the sodium potassium chloride cotransporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle

32
Q

What are the clinical uses of loop diuretics?

A

Heart failure
Pulmonary oedema
Renal failure

33
Q

How do thiazide diuretics work?

A

Inhibit sodium chloride cotransport in distal convoluted tubule
Reduced ability in distal segments to absorb water

34
Q

What are some examples of thiazide diuretics?

A

Bendoflymethiazide
Chlortalidone

35
Q

What are some clinical uses of thiazide diuretics?

A

Oedema
Hypertension

36
Q

What are potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Decrease trans-principal cell sodium movement
Decrease negative lumen potential

37
Q

What are some examples of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Spironolactone an aldosterone antagonist
Amiloride

38
Q

What is doxazosin?

A

Dilates veins and arterioles by blocking alpha 1 adrenoreceptors

39
Q

What are some side effects of doxazosin?

A

Postural hypotension
Urinary incontinence
Retrograde ejaculation

40
Q

What is propanolol?

A

Competitive antagonist at beta receptors
Lipid soluble
Best penetration of blood brain barrier

41
Q

What are atenolol and bisopropolol?

A

Competitive antagonists of beta receptors
Selective
B is the most selective
A is worst penetration of blood brain barrier

42
Q

What are some side effects of beta andrenoceptor antagonists?

A

Bronchoconstriction
Cold extremities
Glucose control
Vivid dreams

Drugs: From molecule to man (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions