ELM 8: Hypertension 1 Flashcards
What are the two classes of hypertension?
Primary and secondary
What is primary hypertension?
Unknown cause
What is secondary hypertension?
Identified cause like another disease
What are some lifestyle contributors to primary hypertension?
Obesity Insulin resistance
High alcohol intake
High sodium low potassium
Age
What are some genetic factors that contribute to primary hypertension?
Twin studies show 65%
10 common genes found that alter salt and water balance
Other genes causing things like obesity to make development likely
Epigenetics maternal diet
What are some consequences of hypertension?
Coronary artery disease
Stroke
Heart failure
What are some lifestyle modifications someone with hypertension could do?
Lose weight
Less alcohol
Less sodium
Stop smoking
Reduce fat and cholesterol
What is one type of antihypertensive drug?
Blood pressure control
Works by changing other factors like peripheral resistance to decrease it
What are 5 classes of drugs which can control blood pressure?
ACE inhibitors
ATII antagonists
Calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
What was the ASCOT trial?
Compared amlodipine with atenolol
What were the results of the ASCOT trial?
Blood pressure was controlled
Less incidence of associated cardiovascular disease
Calcium blocker should replace old treatments
What was the ALLHAT trial?
Compared chlortalidone with amlodipine or lisionopril
What were the results of the ALLHAT trial?
Blood pressure controlled best by chlortalidone
Thiazide diuretics are better to calcium channel blockers or ACE inhibitors
What are the conclusions of studies into antihypertensives?
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
ATII antagonists or thiazide like diuretics should be primary treatment
