Lecture 1 - Basic Concepts

Question 1

What is an essential nutrient

Answer 1

a chemical/substance that is required for metabolism but cannot be synthesized rapidly enough by the organism (must be consumed in food)

Question 2

What two factors make a nutrient essential

Answer 2

1. removing the nutrient causes a deficiency & decline in health
2. putting the nutrient back into the diet corrects the problem & health will return

Question 3

What is the deficiency in iron

Answer 3

anaemia

Question 4

What is the deficiency in thiamine (B1)

Answer 4

beriberi

Question 5

What is the deficiency in vitamin C

Answer 5

scurvy

Question 6

What is the deficiency in vitamin D

Answer 6

rickets

Question 7

When is deficiency common (think about at a specific certain point in ones life)

Answer 7

pregnancy

Question 8

What is the difference between deficiency and nutritional requirement

Answer 8

deficiency - prevention of disease
nutritional requirement - ensure optimal health

Question 9

What specific calorie count are daily values based on

Answer 9

2000 calorie a day diet

Question 10

What is used to make daily values

Answer 10

dietary reference intakes (DRI’s)

Question 11

What falls under the umbrella term of DRI’s

Answer 11

EAR - estimated average requirements
RDA - recommended dietary allowance
AI - adequate intake
UL - tolerable upper limit

Question 12

EAR meets the needs of ____% of the population

Answer 12

50%

Question 13

RDA meets the needs of ____% of the population

Answer 13

~97%

Question 14

What is the tolerable upper limit

Answer 14

the highest level of continuous daily intake that causes no risk of adverse effects

Question 15

What is adequate intake

Answer 15

the estimated range of adequate nutritional intake based on the intake of healthy people

Question 16

What is the difference between prospective and retrospective epidemiological cohort studies

Answer 16

prospective - follow forward
retrospective - follow backward (start w diagnosis and backtrack)

Question 17

What nutrients are organic

Answer 17

macros and vitamins

Question 18

What nutrients are inorganic

Answer 18

minerals and water

Question 19

What makes a nutrient organic

Answer 19

contains carbon

Question 20

How much of the body is water

Answer 20

60%

Question 21

How much of the body is fat

Answer 21

20-25%

Question 22

How much of the body is protein

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

How much of the body is vitamins and minerals

Answer 23

2%

Question 24

How much of the body is carbs

Answer 24

1.5%

Question 25

What is the required water intake per day for an adult human

Answer 25

2.7L-3.7L / day

Question 26

How much of the daily water intake comes from foods

Answer 26

about 20%

Question 27

Why are fluids important functionally as a nutrient

Answer 27

solvent in biochemical reactions
catabolism (hydrolysis)
vascular volume
nutrient transport
temperature regulation

Question 28

What is water toxicity

Answer 28

when you intake too much water and the kidneys cannot process it
- leads to hyponatremia (water/sodium imbalance)

Question 29

How does hyponatremia function

Answer 29

electrolytes are diluted by the excess water so sodium cannot effectively be carried through the bloodstream
- cells also swell (opposite of dehydration)