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MSS > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the position of palms in standard anatomical position?

A

supine - facing forward

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2
Q

What is anterior?

A

Front of body

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3
Q

What is posterior?

A

Back of body

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4
Q

Differentiate between superior and inferior

A

Superior - toward top of body

Inferior - towards bottom of body

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5
Q

What is Medial? Lateral?

A

Medial - towards midline

Lateral- away from midline

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6
Q

What is proximal? Distal?

A

Proximal - towards center of body

Distal - towards periphery

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7
Q

Which bones are included in the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle, Scapula, sternum, ribs, humerus

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8
Q

Humerus

A

Arm

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9
Q

Ulna vs. Radius

A

Ulna - medial bone of forearm in anatomical position

Radius - lateral bone of forearm in anatomical position

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10
Q

What is elevation/depression of pectoral girdle?

A

Elevation - shrug

Depression - lower shoulders

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11
Q

What is retraction/protraction of pelvic girdle?

A

Retraction - bring scapula together

Protraction - pull scapula apart

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12
Q

What is upward rotation/downward rotation of pelvic girdle?

A

upward rotation - allows arms to be lifted above head

downward rotation - allows arms to hand by side

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13
Q

What is flexion? Extension? Abduction? Adduction? Lateral rotation? Medial rotation?

A

flexion - arm in front
extension - arm behind
abduction - arm away from body
adduction - arm back towards body
lateral rotation - rotate arm away from midline
medial rotation - rotate arm back towards body

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14
Q

Distinguish between pronation/supination of forearm

A

pronation - palm down

supination - palm up

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15
Q

What is radial deviation of wrist? Ulnar deviation?

A

Radial deviation - wrist angled laterally in anatomical position (towards radius)
Ulnar deviation - wrist angled medially in anatomical position (towards ulna)

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16
Q

What is opposition of thumb?

A

thumb moved towards 5th finger

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17
Q

How many vertebrae are there? Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? Sacral? Coccygeal?

A

33 total

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 3-5
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18
Q

What is the role of the clavicle? What are the 3 Allman classifications of fractures?

A

Keeps upper limb lateral
Group 1 - Middle fracture (80%)
Group 2 - distal fracture (15%)
Group 3 - proximal fracture (5%)

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19
Q

What is the sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

A
  • Between Manubrium and clavicle
  • Saddle joint
  • Moves in all 3 planes
20
Q

What is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A
  • Between clavicle and acromion process
  • Plane joint
  • allows scapula to rotate when during abduction/adduction >90 degrees
21
Q

What are the scapula-clavicular ligaments? What is their role?

A
  • Coracoclavicular ligaments (2), coracoacromial ligament, acromioclavicular ligament
  • stabilize AC joint
22
Q

What is a separated shoulder?

A

Type 1 - partial AC ligament tear
Type 2 - complete AC ligament tear
Type 3 - complete AC and CC ligament tear

23
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • humeral head and glenoid fossa of scapula
  • ball and socket joint
  • glenoid labrum is fibrocartilage that functionally deepens the glenoid fossa
24
Q

What is a superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tear?

A
  • tension from twisted biceps tendon tears labrum from glenoid fossa
  • occurs with repetitive rotation during overhead throwing (baseball/softball)
25
Q

What is a shoulder dislocation?

A
  • displacement of humeral head from glenoid fossa
  • typically occurs anteriorly (95%)
  • usually from hyper-extension of abducted arm
  • can cause nerve damage
  • square shoulder presentation with minimal deltoid contour
26
Q

What is glenohumeral bursae? What is bursitis?

A
  • Bursae: synovial fluid filled sacs which reduce friction between muscles/tendons and bones around joints
  • Bursitis: inflammation of bursae, typically due to direct pressure
27
Q

What is the humeroulnar joint?

A
  • between humerus and ulna
  • hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
28
Q

What is the humeroradial joint?

A
  • between humerus and radius
  • functional hinge joint
  • flexion, extension, pronation, supination
29
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
  • between radius and ulna
  • pivot joint
  • pronation and supination
30
Q

What is fibrous membrane ligament of elbow? Radial collateral ligament? Ulnar collateral ligament? Annular ligament?

A

Fibrous - contains synovial capsule
Radial collateral - prevent adduction
Ulnar collateral - prevent abduction
Annular ligament - maintains articulation of radius and ulna

31
Q

What is radial head subluxation (nursemaid’s elbow)?

A
  • radial head slips out of annular ligament
  • rapid pull or jerk on forearm
  • typically in children 1-6
  • forearm typically held in flexed/prone position
32
Q

What are the 3 bursae supporting the triceps brachia muscle and tendon at the elbow?

A
  • subtendinous bursa
  • intratendinous bursa
  • olecranon bursa
33
Q

What is Colle’s Fracture?

A
  • fracture during wrist extension
  • dorsal displacement of distance radius
  • dinner fork deformity
34
Q

What is Smith’s Fracture?

A
  • fracture during wrist flexion
  • Palmar displacement of distal radius
  • garden spade deformity
35
Q

What are the bones of the hand?

A

carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges, distal phalanges

36
Q

What are the joints in the hand?

A

carpometacarpal joint (CMC), metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), interphalangeal joint (IP, Pollex only), Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

37
Q

List the carpals

A

Distal Row - Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Proximal Row - Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

38
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

-between radius and 3 proximal carpals (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum)

39
Q

What is the ulnocarpal joint?

A

-between ulna and 3 proximal carpals (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum)

40
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

-wrist joint between radius and ulna

41
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

Allows nerves and tendons to the hand

42
Q

What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint?

A

Saddle joint, CMC of digit 1 (thumb) most moveable

-able to flex/extend and adduction/abduction

43
Q

What is a boxer’s fracture?

A

Fracture of fifth metacarpal after punching something hard

44
Q

T/F: Pollex has a middle phalanx

A

F

45
Q

What kind of joint is a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint?

A
  • between metacarpal and Proximal phalanx
  • condyloid (multi-axial) joint
  • flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, rotation (minimal)
46
Q

What kind of joint are interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP)?

A
  • hinge joints (1 axis)

- flexion/extension

47
Q

What is the role of the sesamoid bones?

A
  • increase Biomechanical efficiency of Pollux (thumb) musculature
  • ulnar sesamoid - adductor pollicis
  • radial sesamoid - adductor pollicis bravis and flexor polices brevis

MSS (7 decks)

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