Lecture 1 Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

What is the position of palms in standard anatomical position?

A

supine - facing forward

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2
Q

What is anterior?

A

Front of body

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3
Q

What is posterior?

A

Back of body

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4
Q

Differentiate between superior and inferior

A

Superior - toward top of body

Inferior - towards bottom of body

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5
Q

What is Medial? Lateral?

A

Medial - towards midline

Lateral- away from midline

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6
Q

What is proximal? Distal?

A

Proximal - towards center of body

Distal - towards periphery

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7
Q

Which bones are included in the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle, Scapula, sternum, ribs, humerus

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8
Q

Humerus

A

Arm

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9
Q

Ulna vs. Radius

A

Ulna - medial bone of forearm in anatomical position

Radius - lateral bone of forearm in anatomical position

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10
Q

What is elevation/depression of pectoral girdle?

A

Elevation - shrug

Depression - lower shoulders

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11
Q

What is retraction/protraction of pelvic girdle?

A

Retraction - bring scapula together

Protraction - pull scapula apart

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12
Q

What is upward rotation/downward rotation of pelvic girdle?

A

upward rotation - allows arms to be lifted above head

downward rotation - allows arms to hand by side

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13
Q

What is flexion? Extension? Abduction? Adduction? Lateral rotation? Medial rotation?

A

flexion - arm in front
extension - arm behind
abduction - arm away from body
adduction - arm back towards body
lateral rotation - rotate arm away from midline
medial rotation - rotate arm back towards body

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14
Q

Distinguish between pronation/supination of forearm

A

pronation - palm down

supination - palm up

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15
Q

What is radial deviation of wrist? Ulnar deviation?

A

Radial deviation - wrist angled laterally in anatomical position (towards radius)
Ulnar deviation - wrist angled medially in anatomical position (towards ulna)

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16
Q

What is opposition of thumb?

A

thumb moved towards 5th finger

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17
Q

How many vertebrae are there? Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? Sacral? Coccygeal?

A

33 total

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 3-5
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18
Q

What is the role of the clavicle? What are the 3 Allman classifications of fractures?

A

Keeps upper limb lateral
Group 1 - Middle fracture (80%)
Group 2 - distal fracture (15%)
Group 3 - proximal fracture (5%)

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19
Q

What is the sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

A
  • Between Manubrium and clavicle
  • Saddle joint
  • Moves in all 3 planes
20
Q

What is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A
  • Between clavicle and acromion process
  • Plane joint
  • allows scapula to rotate when during abduction/adduction >90 degrees
21
Q

What are the scapula-clavicular ligaments? What is their role?

A
  • Coracoclavicular ligaments (2), coracoacromial ligament, acromioclavicular ligament
  • stabilize AC joint
22
Q

What is a separated shoulder?

A

Type 1 - partial AC ligament tear
Type 2 - complete AC ligament tear
Type 3 - complete AC and CC ligament tear

23
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • humeral head and glenoid fossa of scapula
  • ball and socket joint
  • glenoid labrum is fibrocartilage that functionally deepens the glenoid fossa
24
Q

What is a superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tear?

A
  • tension from twisted biceps tendon tears labrum from glenoid fossa
  • occurs with repetitive rotation during overhead throwing (baseball/softball)
25
What is a shoulder dislocation?
- displacement of humeral head from glenoid fossa - typically occurs anteriorly (95%) - usually from hyper-extension of abducted arm - can cause nerve damage - square shoulder presentation with minimal deltoid contour
26
What is glenohumeral bursae? What is bursitis?
- Bursae: synovial fluid filled sacs which reduce friction between muscles/tendons and bones around joints - Bursitis: inflammation of bursae, typically due to direct pressure
27
What is the humeroulnar joint?
- between humerus and ulna - hinge joint - flexion and extension
28
What is the humeroradial joint?
- between humerus and radius - functional hinge joint - flexion, extension, pronation, supination
29
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
- between radius and ulna - pivot joint - pronation and supination
30
What is fibrous membrane ligament of elbow? Radial collateral ligament? Ulnar collateral ligament? Annular ligament?
Fibrous - contains synovial capsule Radial collateral - prevent adduction Ulnar collateral - prevent abduction Annular ligament - maintains articulation of radius and ulna
31
What is radial head subluxation (nursemaid's elbow)?
- radial head slips out of annular ligament - rapid pull or jerk on forearm - typically in children 1-6 - forearm typically held in flexed/prone position
32
What are the 3 bursae supporting the triceps brachia muscle and tendon at the elbow?
- subtendinous bursa - intratendinous bursa - olecranon bursa
33
What is Colle's Fracture?
- fracture during wrist extension - dorsal displacement of distance radius - dinner fork deformity
34
What is Smith's Fracture?
- fracture during wrist flexion - Palmar displacement of distal radius - garden spade deformity
35
What are the bones of the hand?
carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges, distal phalanges
36
What are the joints in the hand?
carpometacarpal joint (CMC), metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), interphalangeal joint (IP, Pollex only), Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
37
List the carpals
Distal Row - Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate | Proximal Row - Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
38
What is the radiocarpal joint?
-between radius and 3 proximal carpals (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum)
39
What is the ulnocarpal joint?
-between ulna and 3 proximal carpals (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum)
40
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
-wrist joint between radius and ulna
41
What is the carpal tunnel?
Allows nerves and tendons to the hand
42
What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint?
Saddle joint, CMC of digit 1 (thumb) most moveable | -able to flex/extend and adduction/abduction
43
What is a boxer's fracture?
Fracture of fifth metacarpal after punching something hard
44
T/F: Pollex has a middle phalanx
F
45
What kind of joint is a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint?
- between metacarpal and Proximal phalanx - condyloid (multi-axial) joint - flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, rotation (minimal)
46
What kind of joint are interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP)?
- hinge joints (1 axis) | - flexion/extension
47
What is the role of the sesamoid bones?
- increase Biomechanical efficiency of Pollux (thumb) musculature - ulnar sesamoid - adductor pollicis - radial sesamoid - adductor pollicis bravis and flexor polices brevis