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MSS > DSA 1 > Flashcards

DSA 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is fascia?

A

Thin sheet of tissue surrounding deeper structures

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2
Q

Deep fascia organizes limbs into what?

A

Compartments

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3
Q

What is a muscle compartment?

A

Group of muscles surrounded by deep fascia separations

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4
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

excessive pressure within a compartment

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5
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior arm compartment?

A

Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Biceps brachii

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6
Q

What is the action, innervation, and blood supply of the anterior compartment muscles?

A

Action: flexion
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply: Brachial artery

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7
Q

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm does not abide by all the rules? How?

A

Brachialis muscle has two innervations, musculocutaneous and radial nerve

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8
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the coracobrachialis muscle

A

Attachments:
Coracoid Process; Humerus midshaft

Action:
Flex shoulder; Adduct arm

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous n.

Blood Supply:
Brachial Artery

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9
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the brachialis muscle

A

Attachments:
Distal ½ anterior humerus; Ulnar tuberosity

Action:
Flex elbow

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous n.
Radial n.

Blood Supply:
Brachial Artery

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10
Q

What does the humeroulnar joint do?

A

Flexion and extension only

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11
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Attachments:
Proximal, Long head -supraglenoid tubercle
Proximal, Short head - coracoid process

Distal, Radial tuberosity & Bicipital aponeurosis

Actions:
Flex shoulder & elbow
Supinate forearm

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous n.

Blood Supply:
Brachial Artery

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12
Q

What does the humeroradial joint do?

A

Flexion and extension of the elbow, pronation/supination

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13
Q

Biceps brachii action is limited by the position of the wrist. Why?

A

Biceps tendon is wrapped when the wrist is pronated. Complete contraction only takes place during supination (think flexing your bicep)

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14
Q

Biceps tendon rupture is typically which head? What are the two types of ruptures?

A

Long head rupture; distal and proximal popeye deformities

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

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16
Q

What is the action, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior compartment muscles?

A

Action:
Extension (shoulder and/or elbow joint)

Innervation:
Radial n.

Blood Supply:
Profunda Brachii Artery AKA Deep Brachial artery

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17
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the triceps brachii muscle

A

Attachments:

Proximal:

  1. Long head -infraglenoid tubercle
  2. Lateral head - posterior humeral shaft superior to radial groove
  3. Medial head - posterior humeral shaft inferior to radial groove

Distal:
1. Olecranon process (ulna)

Actions:
Extend elbow (all) & shoulder (long head only)

Innervation:
Radial n.

Blood supply: Profunda Brachii a.

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18
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the anconeus muscle

A

Attachments:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Lateral olecranon process of ulna

Actions:
Extend & stabilize elbow joint (fine-tunes joint)

Innervation:
Radial n.

Blood supply: Profunda Brachii a.

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19
Q

What is the name of the common humerus fracture? How does it present?

A

Supracondyle humeral fracture; presents with S curve in the arm, break at the distal humerus

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20
Q

What two septums separate the forearm compartments?

A
  1. inter muscular septum

2. Interosseus membrane

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21
Q

Muscles in the posterior component of the arm have what action, innervation, and blood supply?

A

Action:
Extension (digit and/or wrist joints)
Exceptions: Brachioradialis & Supinator

Innervation: Radial n.

Blood Supply: Radial and/or Ulnar artery

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22
Q

Most posterior, superficial forearm muscles share what attachment?

A

Common extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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23
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the posterior, superficial forearm?

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
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24
Q

List the attachment and action of the brachioradialis muscle.

A

Attachement:
lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to
styloid process of radius

Action:
flexes elbow

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25
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.

A

Attachment:
lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to the base of metacarpal 2

Action: Extends and abducts the wrist (radial deviation)

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26
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle.

A

Attachment:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the base of metacarpal 3

Action: Extends and abducts the wrist (radial deviation)

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27
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor digitorum muscle.

A

Attachment:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the extensor expansion of digits 2-5

Action:
Extension of digits 2-5

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28
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle.

A

Attachment:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the base of metacarpal 5

Action:
Extension and adduction of the wrist (ulnar deviation)

29
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor digiti minimi muscle.

A

Attachment:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the extensor explosion of digit 5

Action:
extension of digit 5

30
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis, inflammation of the extensor tendons

31
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the deep, posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis 
Extensor pollicis longus 
Extensor indicis
32
Q

List the attachment and action of the abductor pollicis longus muscle.

A

Attachment:
U/R interosseus membrane to base of metacarpal 1

Action:
adducts pollex

33
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor pollicis longus muscle.

A

Attachment:
U/R interosseus membrane to base of distal pollex

Action:
extends pollex

34
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle.

A

Attachment:
U/R interosseus membrane to base of proximal pollex

Action:
extends pollex

35
Q

List the attachment and action of the extensor indicis muscle.

A

Attachment:
U/R interosseus membrane to extensor expansion of digit 2

Action:
extends digit 2

36
Q

List the 8 muscles in the anterior forearm.

A

Superficial layer:

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Middle layer:

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep layer:

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

37
Q

Muscles of the anterior forearm have what action, innervation, and blood supply?

A

Action: Flexion (digit and/or wrist joints)
Exceptions: Pronator Teres & Pronator Quadratus

Innervation: Median and/or Ulnar n.

Blood Supply: Radial and/or Ulnar artery

38
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

Medial Epicondylitis; inflammation of common flexor tendon

39
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the of the pronator teres muscle.

A

Attachment:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
Lateral surface of radius

Action:
Pronation

Innervation
Median n. (passes through the 2 heads)

40
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.

A

Attachment:
medial epicondyle of humerusto
base of metacarpal 2
median n.

Action:
flex and abduct wrist (radial deviation)

Innervation:
Median n

41
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the palmaris longus muscle.

A

Attachment:
medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar aponeurosis

Action:
flex wrist, tense palmar aponeurosis

Innervation:
median n.

42
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

A

Attachment:
medial epicondyle of humerus & olecranon process to hook of hamate, pisiform, base of metacarpal 5

Action:flex and adduct wrist (ulnar deviation)

Innervation:
ulnar n.

43
Q

What is Tommy John surgery?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction; uses palmaris longus to repair UCL

44
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.

A

Attachent:
medial epicondyle, anterior radius to
Intermediate phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation:
median n.

Action:
flex wrists & digits 2-5 (to PIPs)

45
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle.

A

Attachment:
Ulna & interosseous membrane
distal phalanges of digits 2–5

Innervation:
Median n. (lateral ½)Ulnar n. (medial ½)

Action:
flex wrist and digits 2-5 (to DIPs)

46
Q

Which muscle in the forearm is the only one with a split innervation?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

47
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor pollicis longus muscle.

A

Attachment:
Radius & interosseous membrane to
distal phalanx of digit 1

Innervation:
Median n.

Action:
flexion: wrist & digit 1

48
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the pronator quadratus muscle.

A

Attachment:
distal ulnar shaft to
distal radial shaft

Innervation:
Median n

Action:
pronation

49
Q

What are the two spaces of the palm?

A 
Hypothenar eminence (medial)
Thenar eminence (lateral)
50
Q

What is the name of the tough, fibrous band protecting the carpal tunnel structures?

A

Flexor retinaculum

51
Q

What structure cover tendons of digit flexors?

A

Synovial sheaths

52
Q

What is the differences between the flexor sheaths of digit 1-5?

A

Flexor sheath of 2-4 are not attaches to a bursa

Flexor sheath of digit 5 is attaches to the ulnar bursa

Flexor sheath of digit 1 is attaches to the radial bursa

Flexor sheath 1 and 5 infections are more dangerous because they can spread to the wrist and forearm via bursae

53
Q

What covers synovial sheaths in the digits?

A

Fibrous sheath

54
Q

What is a trigger finger?

A

Stenosing tenosynovitis; inflamed section of the flexor tendon that gets trapped behind fibrous sheath

55
Q

1st sheath covers which muscle tendons?

A

abductor pollicis longs and extensor pollicis brevis

56
Q

What is the function of an extensor expansion?

A

Connect extensor tendons to phalanges

57
Q

What is gamers thumb?

A

De Quervains Tenosynovitis; thickening of 1st extensor synovial sheath - pain and swelling

58
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Fascia that strands vertically on the palm to protects the structures beneath

59
Q

What is the transverse fasiculi?

A

Fascia that runs horizontally to keep the hand together

60
Q

What is permanent shortening of the palmar aponeurosis called?

A

Dupuytrens Contracture

61
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the palmaris brevis muscle.

A

Attachments:
Palmar Aponeurosis; skin over hypothenar eminence

Action:
Tense skin over hypothenar eminence during gripping

Innervation:
Ulnar n.

Blood Supply:
Ulnar Artery

62
Q

The dorsal hand fascia has what 3 structures? (low yield)

A
  1. extensor expansions
  2. Intertendinous connections
  3. Extensor retinaculum (less tensile compared to the flexor retinaculum)
63
Q

What are the 5 compartments of the hand?

A 
Thenar
Adductor
Central
Interosseous
Hypothenar
64
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the thenar muscles.

A 
Muscles (3)
Flexor pollicis brevis
Superficial head
Deep head
Abductor pollicis brevis 
Opponens pollicis

Actions:
move thumb CMC joint (as named)

Innervation: Median n.
Except deep head of FPB (Ulnar n.)

Blood supply: Superficial palmar arch

65
Q

Which muscle in the hand has a split innervation? (test question)

A

Flexor pollicis brevis; superficial head = median nerve

Deep head = ulnar nerve

66
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the adductor muscles.

A

Muscles (1)
Adductor pollicis
Transverse head
Oblique head

Action:
Thumb CMC: ADduction
Thumb MCP: Flexion

Innervation:
Ulnar n.

Blood supply:
Deep palmar arch

67
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the central hand muscles.

A

Muscles (4)
Lumbricals 1-4

Action:
Digits 2-5
MCP joints: Flexion
PIP & DIP joints: Extension

Innervation:
Lumbricals 1 & 2: Median n.
Lumbricals 3 & 4: Ulnar n.

Blood supply:
Superfical & deep palmar arches
Digital arteries

68
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the interosseous muscles.

A 
Muscles (7)
Palmar interossei (1-3)
Dorsal interossei (1-4)

Action:
ADduction of digits 2,4,5 (towards 3)

ABduction of digits 2-4 (3 ABducts medially and laterally)

Innervation: Ulnar n.

Blood supply:
Deep palmar arch (metacarpal arteries)

69
Q

List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the hypothenar muscles.

A

Muscles (3)
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

Actions:
move digit 5 as named (MCP and/or CMC joints)

Innervation: Ulnar n.

Blood supply: Superficial palmar arch

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