Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

block 11 anna > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

where does pregnancy start

A

fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two phases in the female reproduction cycle

A

luteal and follicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the luteal phase supported by

A

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what creates a rise in progesterone in the luteal phase

A

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two phases for

A

provide a site for the gametes to meet

sustain pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name a time when progesterone is low

A

follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens before the luteal phase

A

ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long are women fertile for

A

24-48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract

A

5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when is the right time in the cycle to try for a baby

A

day 14

ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is most of the sperm lost

A

leakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do sperm get to the oviduct

A

uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does the sperm move in the fallopian tubes

A

the cillia beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what cant freshly ejaculated sperm do

A

swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is it called when the sperm bind to the fallopian tube

A

functional sperm resevoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what may be happening while the sperm is binding to the fallopian tube

A

selection processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the changes in the sperm called

A

capacitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the first stage of capacitation called

A

activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does first part of capacitation involve

A

gaining whiplash function - swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what mediates the first part of capacitation

A

pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

during the first stage of capacitation what does a change in pH do

A

allows calcium to enter the head of the sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

to be activated what does the sperm require

A

time away from the epididymal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what maintains sperm in a quiescent state

A

seminal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what enzymes general does the acrosome contain

A

those to digest the wall of the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is removed from the cap for the acrosome reaction

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what specific enzyme is released from the egg to digest through the corpus luteum

A

hyaluronidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

main constituent of the extracellular matrix of the cumulus cells

A

hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does the hyaluronidase react with

A

hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what enzyme beginning with a does the acrosome contain

A

acrosim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does acrosim allow the sperm to do

A

bind to the zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what exactly does the acrosim bind to

A

ZP 2 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is ZP 2 and 3

A

glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

after the zona pellucida what does the sperm bind to

A

oolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what happens when the sperm binds to the oolemma

A

it is engulfed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

after ovulation what phase is the sperm arrested in

A

meiosis metaphase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

when is the egg activated

A

when the sperm penetrate

37
Q

what is egg activateion driven by

A

phopspholipase zeta

38
Q

what releases phospholipase zeta

A

sperm

39
Q

what does phospholipase zeta do

A

cleaves PIP2

40
Q

what does cleaving PIP2 do

A

release of calcium

41
Q

describe calcium release by the egg

A

transient

42
Q

what does the calcium do

A

breaks down MPF

43
Q

what does the breakdown of MPF mean

A

egg can develop

44
Q

why are corticol granules releaed

A

calcium transients

45
Q

purpose of the corticol granules

A

change zona pellucide

block polysperming

46
Q

what is it called when the two pronuclei come together

A

syngamy

47
Q

what is it called after syngamy

A

zygote

48
Q

what happens after 22hours

A

cleave

49
Q

what happens if two sperm get into the egg

A

the egg will degrade

50
Q

what is it called when there is an extra haploid maternal set of chromosomes

A

digynic

51
Q

what is it called when it develops with no sperm

A

Parthenogenetic activation

52
Q

why does the embryo want to cleave

A

less risky

53
Q

how does the volume of the embryo change

A

it dosent - cells get smaller

54
Q

how does the morula turn into a blastocyst

A

sodium-potassium ATPase drawing in fluid

55
Q

what happens to the DNA of an early embryo

A

demthylation and remethylation

56
Q

when does demthylation and remthylation occur

A

early cleavage stages

57
Q

at what cell stage is the genome activated

A

4 cell stage

58
Q

what is around the edge of the embryo

A

trophoectoderm

59
Q

what does the embryo release to communicate with the body

A

compound X

60
Q

what is compound X released in response to

A

rising oestrogen

61
Q

what does compound X create a rise in

A

heparin binding epithelium growth factor

62
Q

what does the first trimester of pregnancy heavily rely

A

corpus luteum

63
Q

what is HCG synthesised by

A

syncytiotrophoblast

64
Q

what does HCG act on

A

corpus luteum

65
Q

why does HCG act on the corpus luteum

A

maintain progesterone output

66
Q

what are the two ways twins are formed called

A

monozygotic

dizygotic

67
Q

what type is identicle twins

A

monozygotic

68
Q

how are identicle twins formed

A

one embryo splits

69
Q

how do you get conjoined twins

A

incomplete splitting of the trilaminar disc

70
Q

how do you get non identical twins

A

mother produces two eggs

71
Q

what is non identical twins called

A

dizygotic

72
Q

general theme of IVF

A

mother is stimulated to produce lots of eggs
sperm extracted
put together on dish to fertilise
embryo implanted in mother

73
Q

how can sperm be collected

A

masturbation

surgically

74
Q

why is GnRh agonist hormone given

A

down regulate the amount of LH and FSH

75
Q

what do low levels of FSH and LH mean

A

more than one follicle will develop

76
Q

after GnRh what is the woman given

A

follicle stimulating hormone

77
Q

what does follicle stimulating hormone do

A

means lots of follicles develop together

78
Q

just before the eggs are collected what is the woman given

A

analogue of leutinising hormone

79
Q

what can bypass IVF

A

ICSI

80
Q

what does ICSI stand for

A

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

81
Q

what is ICSI

A

egg injected with sperm

82
Q

who would you use ICSI for

A

men with low sperm count

83
Q

what is the word for no sperm

A

azoospermia

84
Q

PESA

A

percutaneous epididymel sperm aspiration

85
Q

TESA

A

testicular sperm aspiration

86
Q

TESE

A

testicular sperm extraction

87
Q

what cell stage are the eggs implanted

A

4 cell stage

88
Q

what organisation regulates IVF clinics

A

HEFA

block 11 anna (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions