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J - SOC 224 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Steve Irwin

A
  • Controversy surrounding him carrying son while feeding crocodile.
  • Got into trouble, invited to talk shows. Bad parent?
  • Initially, Irwin was defensive. However, he eventually made an apology.
  • Other half of argument was that he has certain parental rights.
    • How is this any different than father throwing child while in swimming pool?
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2
Q

Tracy Thorne-Bogland

A
  • Former naval officer and fighter pilot.
  • Came out as being gay.
  • Because of this, he was dishonourably discharged.
    • “Don’t ask, don’t tell policy.”
  • Became prosecutor, was in line for the District Court.
    • However, opponents said he would use his homosexuality and get involved in activism.
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3
Q

John Edwards

A
  • Got mobbed by onlookers.
  • Indicted in 2011 for misappropriating campaign funds to cover up an affair.
    • He presented this pure, wholesome white bread image to American public.
  • His wife was suffering from breast cancer at the same time.
  • Also impregnated mistress. Convinced loyal campaign aide to protect the baby, and Edwards paid out the mistress.
    • Is now a personal injury lawyer in the middle of nowhere.
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4
Q

Bill Mar

A
  • Hosted successful show “Politically Incorrect.”
  • After 9/11 attacks, Bush said that the terrorists responsible were cowards.
    • Mar’s guest disputed this claim, saying that the terrorists were actually warriors.
    • “We have been cowards by shooting cruise missiles from 2000 miles away.”
  • White House Press Secretary denounced Mar.
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5
Q

What are the building blocks of society according to the sociology of deviance?

A

Judgements of others.

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6
Q

True or false? Most deviant behaviour is also illegal.

A

False, most deviant behaviour is not illegal.

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7
Q

The sociology of deviance aims to determine deviance within a society comprised of ___.

A

Diversity.

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8
Q

What is a common phrase used to describe the sociology of deviance?

A

“Nuts, sluts, and perverts.”

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9
Q

What are some examples of broader notions of deviance?

A
  • Adult novelty stores.
  • Couples who are childless.
  • People who choose not to have sex.
  • Furries.
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10
Q

A poll on students revealed that students tend to emphasize ___ when talking about deviance.

A

Criminality.

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11
Q

A poll on the public outside of the student body revealed that…

A

The notion of deviance is much broader.

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12
Q

Deviance

A

Deviating from accepted norms.

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13
Q

What is the opposite of deviance?

A

Normal and average.

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14
Q

In mythology, was deviance treated as a bad thing?

A

No, danger is not only being too deviant, but also becoming too close to average.

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15
Q

What historical event made deviance seem bad?

A

The prevalence of religions like Christianity and Judaism. If you did something bad, the devil caused it.

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16
Q

What are the 3 ingredients that are needed for deviance to take place?

A
  1. Having to break some sort of rule.
  2. Someone has to judge what you did as wrong.
  3. Has to be some type of consequence.
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17
Q

Anything we do can be perceived as deviant depending on…

A

Our social circle.

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18
Q

Describe some acts that are perceived as deviant fairly universality:

A
  • Incest.

- Doing drugs while pregnant.

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19
Q

What is the problem of definitions in deviance?

A

How to quantify and qualify deviance.

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20
Q

What is the general trend when it comes to defining deviance?

A

Shift from objective to subjective definition of deviance.

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21
Q

Objective Definition of Deviance

A

Presence of particular characteristics define deviance.

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22
Q

The ___ definition of deviance enables people to recognize deviance when they see it – something inherent about an act that tells us something weird is going on.

A

Objective.

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23
Q

Subjective Definition of Deviance

A

There is no particular characteristic that defines deviance.

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24
Q

The ___ definition of deviance does not allow us to necessarily recognize deviance when we see it.

A

Subjective.

25
Q

The ___ definition of deviance requires someone to tell us that something is deviant.

A

Subjective.

26
Q

True or false? The objective and subjective definitions of deviance exist in a dichotomy, and are mutually exclusive.

A

False, they exist on a spectrum. Even if you take the objective approach, you are still going to find disagreement over what that inherent thing is. Judge saying “I know pornography when I see it.”

27
Q

What are the objectivist ways of determining whether something is deviant or not?

A
  • Statistical rarity.
  • Social harm.
  • Negative societal reaction.
  • Normative violations.
28
Q

Example of statistical rarity method of determining deviance:

A

Because smoking rates are going down, it is deviant.

29
Q

What are the limitations to the statistical rarity method of determining deviance?

A
  • There is no agreement over what constitutes “rare.” How many grains of sand make a pile?
  • Things that are statistically common are not considered acceptable.
  • Things that are rare are not necessarily treated as deviant. Sports prodigies like Sidney Crosby.
30
Q

The harm to whom is judged in the social harm method of determining deviance?

A

Individual or society.

31
Q

What are the types of harm that can be inflicted in the social harm method of determining deviance?

A

Physical, emotional, social (crimes), harm to our understanding of the world and our place in it.

32
Q

True or false? What is harmful is predetermined and does not change over time.

A

False, perceptions of harm change over time. Examples include smoking, marijuana, and masturbation.

33
Q

Masturbation should be taught in schools? America was not ready for that message. Surgeon General forced to resign. What is this an example of?

A

Perceptions of harm changing over time.

34
Q

What is hard deviance?

A

Deviance that is harmful.

35
Q

What is soft deviance?

A

Deviance that is unharmful.

36
Q

True or false? Harm is in the eye of the beholder.

A

True.

37
Q

True or false? Reactions to deviance may cause more harm than the individual behaviours. Give an example.

A

True, Robert Dziekanski was Tasered to death by RCMP in Vancouver Airport.

38
Q

Statistical rarity and social harm models are more often used by ___ and ___ than ___.

A

The public and politicians than sociologists.

39
Q

What is the negative social reaction method of determining deviance?

A

Something is deviant if society’s masses react negatively (for example, with anger, hatred, or disgust).

40
Q

Give an example of how the negative societal reaction method of determine deviance is flawed:

A

In the 1930’s America, black people were deviant. The tide of public opinion can shift very easily.

41
Q

The negative societal reaction method implies ___ practice, which is not necessarily the case.

A

Democratic.

42
Q

Why is the negative societal reaction method not democratic?

A

Because some voices have more impact than others. Scientists, politicians, public intellectuals, and rich people have more power. Referendums are not used often.

43
Q

Give an example of an issue that has public support, but is outlawed due to policy decisions made by those in power.

A

Gay marriage.

44
Q

Which objective way of determining deviance has the most credibility?

A

Normative violations.

45
Q

Give an example of the normative violation method of determining deviance:

A
  • Making sure there is a urinal beside you and the next guy.
    • If not, stare straight at the wall.
    • Keep your pants up.
46
Q

What is the normative violation method of determining deviance?

A

A violation of a norm held in certain social circles or by a majority of the members of society at large.

47
Q

Norm

A

A standard of what a human being should or should not think or do under given circumstances.

48
Q

How is a norm different from rules?

A

They don’t necessarily come to us as rules. We just kind of know that there are certain things you aren’t supposed to do.

49
Q

Give an example of a minor norm:

A

Saying thank you when someone holds the door for you.

50
Q

Something is deviant when ___ are violated.

A

Norms.

51
Q

Give an example of deviance that occurs when norms are violated:

A
  • Not tipping when it is expected, tipping when it isn’t expected.
  • Wearing your clothing backwards.
52
Q

Are norms universal?

A

No. This used to be the discourse but they are now thought of to be culturally and historically specific.

53
Q

What is a problem with the current way norms are viewed?

A

Even if norms are viewed to be culturally and historically specific, they are viewed as static when in fact they may be fluid.

54
Q

What are the limitations with the normative violation method of determining deviance?

A
  • Diversity in culture that is assumed to be homogenous. Putting “Muslim” on the birth certificates of children in Muslim countries. Assumed that they will choose to become Muslim.
  • Universality is not present in low-consensus deviance such as slurping food, gambling, and various sex acts.
55
Q

What is low-consensus deviance also known as?

A

Situational deviance. It includes slurping food, gambling, and various sex acts.

56
Q

What are some behaviours that are determined to be deviant fairly universally?

A

Incest — all cultures have norms governing this. Usually enters the criminal code of the country.

57
Q

Behaviours that are determined to be deviant fairly universally are known as ___ ___ deviance.

A

High-consensus.

58
Q

___ is a subset of the sociology of deviance as a form of ___ consensus deviance.

A

Criminology. It is a form of high-consensus deviance.

J - SOC 224 (32 decks)

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