Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy I > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Aristotle

A

(c384-322BC)
Interest in natural world lead him to examining living things
Wrote about the anatomy of living animals
a comparative anatomical approach lead him to relationships between animals
FIRST to think about variation among animals in terms of adaption and evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Herophilus and Erasistrasus

A

(c300BC)
Surgeons during the Ptolemaic Period in Alexandra, Egypt
Taught anatomy
** Performed the first systemic dissections on cadavers and also on living criminals.**
First to describe the relationship between peripheral and central nervous systems, and promote the idea that there are motor and sensory impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Galen

A 
(c130-201 AD)
Roman physician and surgeon
Studied injuries to gladiators
Dissected monkeys and other animals
wrote treatises on human anatomical form
Promoted the idea that blood and not air ran through vessels. 
*Great Vein of Galen named after him*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

(c1489-1515AD)

viewed the human body as one of the greatest works of art and one that must be analyzed and studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vesalius

A

(c1533-1543AD)
Father of anatomical studies
published the first print of anatomical text in 1543AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are general studies of anatomy

A

They deal with function, organization, and relationships of structures in an organism- a crucial step in understanding anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is clinical anatomy?

A

puts structure, function, organization, and relationships within an organism in the context of maintenance of a healthy patient and prevention of disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the 6 basic levels of organization from smallest to greatest

A

chemical level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an organ

A

Different tissue types that work together to perform a specific, complex function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organ system

A

Related organs that work together coordinate activities and achieve a common function
There are 11 organ systems in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many organ systems are there in the human body

A

11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organism

A

All organ systems function interdependently in a single living human being, the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the human organ systems

A

Integument, Skeletal, musculature, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nervous, Urinary, Digestive, Lymphatic, Reproductive, Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of the Integumentary system

A

Protection, Regulates body temperature, Synthesizes Vitamin D, Contains subcutaneous receptors, prevents water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, protects vital organs, is the site of hematopoiesis, Stores/releases calcium and phosphorus , allows for for body movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of Muscular system

A

Produces body movements, generates heat when muscles contract, and stores protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the nervous system

A

A regulatory system that controls body movements
Responds to sensory stimuli
helps control all other systems in the body
also in charge of consciousness, memory, and intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the Endocrine system

A

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which help regulate: metabolism, body and cell growth, chemical levels, and reproductive functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Consists of a heart, which pumps blood through vessels in order to distribute gases, nutrients, hormones, and pick up waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system

A

Transports and filters the lymph (interstitial fluid)
initiates an immune response when necessary
Drains interstitial fluid back into blood stream
Houses a large bulk of the immune system
common point of metastasis. They are often removed with the removal of the initial/nearby tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the Respiratory system

A

Responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and air in lungs.
houses the larynx and vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the digestive system

A

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials

  • absorbs nutrients
  • expels wast products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the urinary system

A

filters blood and removes waste products from blood.

Concentrates the waste products in the form of urine and then expels the waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of male reproductive system

A

Produces gametes and sex hormones

transfers sperm to female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Function of the Female reproductive system

A

Produces oocytes and sex hormones
Receives sperm from male
sit of fertilization and embryo development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The human body is partitioned into how many main regions

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the names of the main regions in which the human body is partitioned?

A

Axial & Appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the axial region

A

head, neck, and trunk, which comprise the main vertical axis of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the appendicular regin

A

The upper and lower extremities which attach to the body’s axis

30
Q

What is Regional Anatomy

A

study of anatomy based on regions of the body, emphasizes relationships among structures

31
Q

What is systemic anatomy

A

Study of anatomy based on organ systems.

32
Q

What is anatomical position

A

upright
feet parallel and flat on floor
head is level and eyes look straight toward observer
arms are at either side with palms facing anteriorly/forward and thumbs pointed away from the body

33
Q

What is a plane

A

An imaginary line that slices the body in specific sections

34
Q

what are the three major anatomic planes

A

coronal, transverse, and sagittal

35
Q

what is the plane and direction of a CT

A

Transverse plane, inferior to superior.

36
Q

what is a coronal (frontal plane)

A

Vertical plane that cuts the body into posterior and anterior parts

37
Q

What is a transverse plane

A

also called a cross-sectional or horizontal plane. Cuts the body horizontally across the long axis of the body thus creating superior and inferior parts

38
Q

What is a Sagittal plane

A

Also called a median plane.

Extends through the body vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves

39
Q

What is a midsagittal plane

A

it is a sagittal plane in the body midline

40
Q

What is a parasagittal plane

A

a plane that is parallel to a midsagittal plane but is either to the left or right.

41
Q

Anterior

A

in front of; toward the front of

42
Q

Posterior

A

in back of; toward the back

43
Q

Dorsal

A

on the back side

44
Q

Ventral

A

on the belly side

45
Q

why do the Upper and lower extremities have flexion in opposite directions?

A

During embryological development the lower extremity rotates

46
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head; above

47
Q

Inferior

A

toward the feet; below

48
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head end

49
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail end; rear

50
Q

Medial

A

Used to indicate that the structure si nearer to the median plane of the body

51
Q

Dorsum

A

Superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly form the body, and the posterior surface of the hand (which is opposite of the palm)

52
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

53
Q

Deep

A

on the inside, away from the surface

54
Q

Superficial

A

On the outside surface

55
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to the point of attachment to the trunk

56
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from the point of attachment to the trunk

57
Q

The posterior aspect of the body has how many major cavities and what are they called

A

2

The cranial and vertebral cavity

58
Q

What is the cranial cavity

A

One of the 2 major posterior cavities

Formed by the cranium and houses the brain

59
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

1 of the 2 major posterior cavities, formed by the vertebral bodies and houses the spinal cord

60
Q

Both the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are lined with what

A

Thin serous membranes

which are two layers, parietal and visceral

61
Q

what is the visceral layer

A

a thin serous membrane that lines the outer walls of organs

62
Q

What is the parietal layer

A

A thin serous membrane layer that lines the internal surface of the body cavity wall.

63
Q

what is a serous cavity

A

Is thin cavity between the visceral and parietal layers that contains a lubricating film of serous fluid. This reduces friction and allows the organs to move smoothly against one another and the body wall

64
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

The median space in the thoracic cavity

it contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart.

65
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Two layered serous membrane that houses the heart within the mediastinum

66
Q

what is the pleura

A

two layered serous membrane (parietal-internal surface of thoracic wall) and (visceral- external surface of the lung) between them is a moist, narrow, potential space called the pleural cavity

67
Q

what is the pleural cavity

A

Is the moist, narrow, potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura

68
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Consists of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

69
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

it is the moist two layer serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

70
Q

How many parts make up the abdominopelvic cavity and name them

A

9
right hydrochondriac region ( Hydrochondriac- below the costal cartilage ), Epigastric region, left hydrochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right iliac region, hydrogastric region, left iliac region.

71
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of modern medicine but not the father of anatomy
Hippocratic oath
Relatively little interest in anatomy
(460-380BC)

anatomy I (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions