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anatomy I > Cranial Nerves (exam 1) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves (exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the cranial nerves is the only one to enter the brain directly

A

CN 1 (olfactory nerves)

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2
Q

what cranial nerves are involved in parasympathetics

A

CN III (ocular motor), CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal) , and CN X (vagus)

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely motor

A 
CN III (ocular motor)
CN IV (Trochlear)
CN VI (Abducent)
CN XI (Spinal accessory)
CN XII (hypoglossal)
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4
Q

what are the mixed CN nerves

A

CN V, CN VII, CN IX, and CN X

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5
Q

what order are optic nerves (CN II)

A

Third order with retinal ganglia (cell bodies in the retina)

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6
Q

Fibers from which side of the retina cross to the contralateral side at optic chiasm

A

The nasal

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7
Q

Optic nerve fibers pass via the optic tracts to what in the thalamus

A

Geniculate bodies

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8
Q

what is the smallest cranial nerve

A

The trochlear nerve (CN IV)

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9
Q

What nerve is the only nerve to emerge form the posterior (dorsal) surface of the midbrain

A

The trochlear nerve (CN IV)

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10
Q

What nerve has the longest intracranial (subarachnoid) course of the Cranial nerves

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

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11
Q

how do you test the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)

A

Corneal reflex- touching the cornea, with a wisp of cotton will evoke a reflexive blink if the nerve is functional

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12
Q

Which nerve has the longest intramural course within the cranial cavity for the cranial nerves

A

Abducent nerves (CN VI)

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13
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory

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14
Q

CN II

A

Optic

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15
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

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16
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

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17
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal

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18
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

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19
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

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20
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulochochlear

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21
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

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23
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory

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24
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

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25
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN I

A

Cribriform plate

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26
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN II

A

Optic canal

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27
Q

Name the foreman associated with CNIII

A

Superior orbital fissure

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28
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN IV

A

Superior orbital fissure

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29
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN V (V1)

A

Superior orbital fissure

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30
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN VI

A

Superior orbital fissure

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31
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN V (V2)

A

foramen rotundum

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32
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN V (V3)

A

Foramen ovale

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33
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN V (V3)

A

Foramen ovale

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34
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN VII

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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35
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN VIII

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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36
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN IX

A

Jugular foramen

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37
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN X

A

Jugular foramen

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38
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN XI

A

Jugular foramen

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39
Q

Name the foreman associated with CNXII

A

Hypoglossal canal

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40
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral motor (parasympathetic)

A

CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

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41
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral sensory

A

CN IX, X

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42
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with General sensory

A

CN V (v1,v2), CN IX, CN X

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43
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with special sensory

A

CN I, CN II, CN VII, CN VIII, CN IX

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44
Q

What is the name and function CN III

A

Oculomotor

fxn- all extra ocular eye muscles except superior, oblique, and lateral rectus

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45
Q

What is the name and function of CN IV

A

Trochlear

fxn: Superior oblique eye muscles

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46
Q

What is the name and function of CN VI

A

Abducens

fxn: lateral rectus eye muscles

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47
Q

What is the name and function of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

fxn: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus

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48
Q

What is the name and somatic (brachial) function of CN V

A

Masticator

fxn: muscles of mastication

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49
Q

What is the name and Somatic (brachial) function of CN VII

A

Facial

fxn: Muscles of facial expression

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50
Q

What is the name and Somatic (brachial) function of CN X

A

Vagus

fxn: Muscles of pharynx and larynx

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51
Q

What is the name and somatic function of CN XI

A

Accessory

fxn: Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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52
Q

what is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN III

A

Oculomotor

fxn: Ciliary muscle, constrictor pupillae

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53
Q

What is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN VII

A

Facial

fxn: submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate

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54
Q

What is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

fxn: Parotid gland

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55
Q

What is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN X

A

Vagus

fxn: all thoracic viscera to the splenic flexure

56
Q

What is the name and Visceral sensory function of CN X

A

Vagus

fxn: Visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, nausea, but not pain

57
Q

preganglionic parasympathetics are carried by what cranial nerves

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

58
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN V (V3)

A

Foramen ovale

59
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN VII

A

Internal acoustic meatus

60
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN VIII

A

Internal acoustic meatus

61
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN IX

A

Jugular foramen

62
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN X

A

Jugular foramen

63
Q

Name the foreman associated with CN XI

A

Jugular foramen

64
Q

Name the foreman associated with CNXII

A

Hypoglossal canal

65
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with branchial motor

A

CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

66
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral motor (parasympathetic)

A

CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

67
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral sensory

A

CN IX, X

68
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with General sensory

A

CN V, CN, VII, CN IX, CN X

69
Q

Name the nerves that are associated with special sensory

A

CN I, CN II, CN VII, CN IX, CN VIII

70
Q

what is the name and somatic function of CN III

A

Oculomotor

fxn- all extra ocular eye muscles except superior, oblique, and lateral rectus

71
Q

what is the name and function of CN IV

A

Trochlear

fxn: Superior oblique eye muscles

72
Q

what is the name and function of CN VI

A

Abducens

fxn: lateral rectus eye muscles

73
Q

what is the name and function of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

fxn: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus

74
Q

preganglionic parasympathetics are carried by what cranial nerves

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

75
Q

Function of CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

- Fxn- olfaction (smell)

76
Q

origin of CN I

A

Receptors (bipolar neurons) in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity

77
Q

Pathway of CN I

A

Travels though the foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and synapses in the olfactory bulbs, located in the anterior cranial fossa

78
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN I

A

Anosmia (partial or total loss of smell)

79
Q

what is the only type of nervous tissue to regenerate

A

Fibers of olfactory nerve CN I

80
Q

function of CN II

A

Optic Nerve

Fxn: vison

81
Q

Origin of CN II

A

Retina of the eye

82
Q

Pathway of CN II

A

enters the cranium via optic foramen of sphenoid bone: left and right optic nerves unit at the optic chiasm: optic tracts travel to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus: finally, information is forwarded to the occipital lobe

83
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN II

A

Anopsia (visual defects)

84
Q

what are the 3 nerves to the ocular muscles

A 
CN III  (ocular motor
 CN IV (Trochlear) 
CN VI (abducent)
85
Q

What is the somatic motor component of CN III

A

To supply the elevator palpebral superiors , superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye

86
Q

what is the visceral motor component of CN III

A

Provides the parasympathetic supply to constrictor papillae and ciliary muscles via the ciliary ganglion

87
Q

What is the origin of CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

oculomotor and Edinger Wesphal nuclei within the mesencephalon

88
Q

what is the pathway for CN III

A

leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to eye and eyelid ( parasympathetic fibers travel to ciliary ganglion, and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers then travel to Iris and ciliary muscle)

89
Q

What conductions are associated with CN III damage

A

Ptosis (upper eyelid droop), paralysis of eye muscles, leading to strabismus (eyes not parallel/deviated improperly), diplopia (double vision), and focusing difficulty

90
Q

what is the function of CN IV

A

Trochlear Nerve
To supply the superior oblique muscle of the eye to move the eyeball inferiorly and laterally
The name means Pulley, because it innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament

91
Q

what is the origin of CN IV

A

Trochlear nucleus within mesencephalon

92
Q

What is the pathway of CN IV

A

Leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to superior oblique muscle

93
Q

What conditions are associated with damage to CN IV

A

Paralysis of superior oblique, leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly), diplopia (double vision)

94
Q

What is the function of CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (lateral rectus) for eye abduction (pulls away laterally)

95
Q

What is the origin of Abducens Nerve

A

Pontine (abducens) nucleus in pons

96
Q

What is the pathway of CN VI

A

Leaves cranium through superior orbital fissure and travels to the lateral rectus muscle

97
Q

what conditions are caused by nerve damage to CN VI

A

paralysis of lateral rectus limits lateral movement of eye; diplopia (double vision)

98
Q

Brachial motor function of CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

to muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor (veli) palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly digastric

99
Q

General sensory function of CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve
form the face and scalp as far as the top of the head, conjunctiva, bulb of the eye, mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses, and nasal and oral cavities including tongue and teeth, part of the external aspect of the tympanic membrane, form the meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae

100
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A 
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) 
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
101
Q

what is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that has both somatic motor and somatic sensory functions

A

Mandibular nerve (V3)

102
Q

What foramen does the mandibular nerve pass through

A

The foramen ovale

103
Q

What foramen does the maxillary nerve pass through

A

The foramen rotundum

104
Q

what foramen does the Ophthalmic nerve pass through

A

The superior orbital fissure

105
Q

what is the function of the ophthalmic nerve CN V1

A

Somatic sensory
to cornea, upper conjunctiva, mucosa of anterosuperior nasal cavity, frontal ethmoidal sinuses, anterior and supratentorial dura mater, skin of dorm of external nose, superior eyelid, forehead, and scalp

106
Q

What is the function of the maxillary nerve CN V2

A

Somatic sensory
Supplies dura mater of anterior part of middle cranial fossa; conjunctiva of inferior eyelid; mucosa of posteroinferior nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate and anterior part of superior oral vestibule; maxillary teeth; and skin of lateral external nose, inferior eyelid, anterior cheek, and upper lip

107
Q

what is the function of the mandibular nerve CN V3

A

Somatic sensory and somatic motor

  • supplies sensory innervation to mucosa of anterior two thirds of tongue, floor of mouth, and posterior and anterior inferior oral vestibule; mandibular teeth, and skin of lower lip, buccal, parotid, and temporal regions of face, and external ear (auricular, upper external auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane)
  • supplies motor innervation to muscles fo mastication, mylohoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palantini
108
Q

what are the somatic (branchial) motor functions of CN VII

A

Facial nerve
fxn: to supply the stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric muscles, the muscles of facial expression, including buccinator, platysma and occipitals muscles

109
Q

What are the visceral motor functions of CN VII

A

For stimulation of the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands, as well as the mucous membrane of the nose, and hard and soft palates

110
Q

What are the general sensory functions of CN VII

A

To supply the skin of the concha of the auricle, a small area of skin behind the ear, and possibly to supplement V3, which supplies the wall of the acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane

111
Q

What are the special sensory functions of CN VII

A

for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the hard and soft palates

112
Q

what is the function of CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Cochlear branch conducts impulses for hearing
Vestibular branch conducts impulses for equilibrium

113
Q

what is the origin of the CN VIII

A

Vestibular branch: hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear
Cochlear branch: Cochlea of the inner ear

114
Q

Pathway for CN VIII

A

Sensory cell bodies for vestibular branch are located in the vestibular ganglion, while sensory cell bodies of the cochlear branch are located in the spiral ganglion near the cochlea. The branches merge together and enter the cranial cavity though internal auditory canal and travel to junction of the pons and the medulla oblongata

115
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN VIII

A

lesions in the vestibular branch produce loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness
Lesions in the cochlear branch result in deafness

116
Q

what is the somatic (branchial) motor function of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

To supply the striated muscle, the stylopharyngess

117
Q

What is the visceral motor function of CN IX

A

To supply the otic ganglion, which sends fibers to stimulate the parotid gland

118
Q

What is the visceral sensory function of CN IX

A

Carries sensation (subconscious) form the carotid body and form the carotid sinus

119
Q

What is the General sensory function of the CN IX

A

Provides general sensation form the posterior one-third of the tongue, the skin of the external ear, and the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

120
Q

What is the Special sensory function of CN IX

A

For last from the posterior one-third of the tongue

121
Q

what is the somatic (Brachial) motor function of CN X

A

To striated muscles of the pharynx, tongue, and larynx

122
Q

What is the visceral motor function of CN X

A

To smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera

123
Q

What ar het visceral sensory function of CN X

A

From the larynx, trachea, esophagus, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, stretch receptors in the walls of the aortic arch, chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies adjacent to the arch

124
Q

What are the general sensory functions of CN X

A

Form the skin at the back of the ear and in the external acoustic meatus, part of the external surface of the tympanic membrane, and the pharynx

125
Q

What is the somatic motor function of CN XI

A

Innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

126
Q

What is the origin of CN XI

A

Spinal root: motor nuclei in spinal cord

127
Q

What is the pathway for CN XI

A

spinal root travels superiorly to enter skull though foramen magnum: there, cranial and spinal roots merge and leave the skull via jugular foramen. once outside the skull, cranial root splits to travel with CN X and spinal root travels to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

128
Q

What are some conditions associated with nerve damage to CN XI

A

paralysis of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, resulting in difficulty in elevating shoulder (trapezius function) or turning head to opposite side (sternocleidomastoid function)

129
Q

what is the somatic motor function of CN XII

A

To supply all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (X)

130
Q

what are the origins of CN XII

A

hypoglossal nucleus in medulla oblongata

131
Q

What is the pathway for CN XII

A

Leaves cranium via hypoglossal canal: travels inferior to mandible and to inferior surface of the tongue

132
Q

Conditions caused by damage to CN XII

A

Swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement: if a single hypoglossal here (either left or right) is paralyzed, a protruded (stuck out) tongue deviates to the side of the damaged nerve

133
Q

what is the postsynaptic ganglion in the visceral motor component of CN III

A

Ciliary ganglion

134
Q

what is the postsynaptic ganglion in the visceral motor component of CN VII

A

Pterygopalatine and submandibular

135
Q

what is the postsynaptic ganglion in the visceral motor component of CN IX

A

Otic ganglion

136
Q

Who loves Halen

A

Tyler!!!

anatomy I (7 decks)

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