Cranial Nerves (exam 1) Flashcards
Which of the cranial nerves is the only one to enter the brain directly
CN 1 (olfactory nerves)
what cranial nerves are involved in parasympathetics
CN III (ocular motor), CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal) , and CN X (vagus)
Which cranial nerves are purely motor
CN III (ocular motor) CN IV (Trochlear) CN VI (Abducent) CN XI (Spinal accessory) CN XII (hypoglossal)
what are the mixed CN nerves
CN V, CN VII, CN IX, and CN X
what order are optic nerves (CN II)
Third order with retinal ganglia (cell bodies in the retina)
Fibers from which side of the retina cross to the contralateral side at optic chiasm
The nasal
Optic nerve fibers pass via the optic tracts to what in the thalamus
Geniculate bodies
what is the smallest cranial nerve
The trochlear nerve (CN IV)
What nerve is the only nerve to emerge form the posterior (dorsal) surface of the midbrain
The trochlear nerve (CN IV)
What nerve has the longest intracranial (subarachnoid) course of the Cranial nerves
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
how do you test the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
Corneal reflex- touching the cornea, with a wisp of cotton will evoke a reflexive blink if the nerve is functional
Which nerve has the longest intramural course within the cranial cavity for the cranial nerves
Abducent nerves (CN VI)
CN I
Olfactory
CN II
Optic
CN III
Oculomotor
CN IV
Trochlear
CN V
Trigeminal
CN VI
Abducens
CN VII
Facial
CN VIII
Vestibulochochlear
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
CN X
Vagus
CN XI
Spinal Accessory
CN XII
Hypoglossal
Name the foreman associated with CN I
Cribriform plate
Name the foreman associated with CN II
Optic canal
Name the foreman associated with CNIII
Superior orbital fissure
Name the foreman associated with CN IV
Superior orbital fissure
Name the foreman associated with CN V (V1)
Superior orbital fissure
Name the foreman associated with CN VI
Superior orbital fissure
Name the foreman associated with CN V (V2)
foramen rotundum
Name the foreman associated with CN V (V3)
Foramen ovale
Name the foreman associated with CN V (V3)
Foramen ovale
Name the foreman associated with CN VII
Internal acoustic meatus
Name the foreman associated with CN VIII
Internal acoustic meatus
Name the foreman associated with CN IX
Jugular foramen
Name the foreman associated with CN X
Jugular foramen
Name the foreman associated with CN XI
Jugular foramen
Name the foreman associated with CNXII
Hypoglossal canal
Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral motor (parasympathetic)
CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X
Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral sensory
CN IX, X
Name the nerves that are associated with General sensory
CN V (v1,v2), CN IX, CN X
Name the nerves that are associated with special sensory
CN I, CN II, CN VII, CN VIII, CN IX
What is the name and function CN III
Oculomotor
fxn- all extra ocular eye muscles except superior, oblique, and lateral rectus
What is the name and function of CN IV
Trochlear
fxn: Superior oblique eye muscles
What is the name and function of CN VI
Abducens
fxn: lateral rectus eye muscles
What is the name and function of CN XII
Hypoglossal
fxn: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus
What is the name and somatic (brachial) function of CN V
Masticator
fxn: muscles of mastication
What is the name and Somatic (brachial) function of CN VII
Facial
fxn: Muscles of facial expression
What is the name and Somatic (brachial) function of CN X
Vagus
fxn: Muscles of pharynx and larynx
What is the name and somatic function of CN XI
Accessory
fxn: Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
what is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN III
Oculomotor
fxn: Ciliary muscle, constrictor pupillae
What is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN VII
Facial
fxn: submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate
What is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
fxn: Parotid gland
What is the name and Visceral motor (Parasympathetic) function of CN X
Vagus
fxn: all thoracic viscera to the splenic flexure
What is the name and Visceral sensory function of CN X
Vagus
fxn: Visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, nausea, but not pain
preganglionic parasympathetics are carried by what cranial nerves
CN III, VII, IX, X
Name the foreman associated with CN V (V3)
Foramen ovale
Name the foreman associated with CN VII
Internal acoustic meatus
Name the foreman associated with CN VIII
Internal acoustic meatus
Name the foreman associated with CN IX
Jugular foramen
Name the foreman associated with CN X
Jugular foramen
Name the foreman associated with CN XI
Jugular foramen
Name the foreman associated with CNXII
Hypoglossal canal
Name the nerves that are associated with branchial motor
CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X
Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral motor (parasympathetic)
CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X
Name the nerves that are associated with Visceral sensory
CN IX, X
Name the nerves that are associated with General sensory
CN V, CN, VII, CN IX, CN X
Name the nerves that are associated with special sensory
CN I, CN II, CN VII, CN IX, CN VIII
what is the name and somatic function of CN III
Oculomotor
fxn- all extra ocular eye muscles except superior, oblique, and lateral rectus
what is the name and function of CN IV
Trochlear
fxn: Superior oblique eye muscles
what is the name and function of CN VI
Abducens
fxn: lateral rectus eye muscles
what is the name and function of CN XII
Hypoglossal
fxn: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus
preganglionic parasympathetics are carried by what cranial nerves
CN III, VII, IX, X
Function of CN I
Olfactory nerve
- Fxn- olfaction (smell)
origin of CN I
Receptors (bipolar neurons) in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity
Pathway of CN I
Travels though the foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and synapses in the olfactory bulbs, located in the anterior cranial fossa
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN I
Anosmia (partial or total loss of smell)
what is the only type of nervous tissue to regenerate
Fibers of olfactory nerve CN I
function of CN II
Optic Nerve
Fxn: vison
Origin of CN II
Retina of the eye
Pathway of CN II
enters the cranium via optic foramen of sphenoid bone: left and right optic nerves unit at the optic chiasm: optic tracts travel to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus: finally, information is forwarded to the occipital lobe
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN II
Anopsia (visual defects)
what are the 3 nerves to the ocular muscles
CN III (ocular motor CN IV (Trochlear) CN VI (abducent)
What is the somatic motor component of CN III
To supply the elevator palpebral superiors , superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye
what is the visceral motor component of CN III
Provides the parasympathetic supply to constrictor papillae and ciliary muscles via the ciliary ganglion
What is the origin of CN III
Oculomotor nerve
oculomotor and Edinger Wesphal nuclei within the mesencephalon
what is the pathway for CN III
leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to eye and eyelid ( parasympathetic fibers travel to ciliary ganglion, and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers then travel to Iris and ciliary muscle)
What conductions are associated with CN III damage
Ptosis (upper eyelid droop), paralysis of eye muscles, leading to strabismus (eyes not parallel/deviated improperly), diplopia (double vision), and focusing difficulty
what is the function of CN IV
Trochlear Nerve
To supply the superior oblique muscle of the eye to move the eyeball inferiorly and laterally
The name means Pulley, because it innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament
what is the origin of CN IV
Trochlear nucleus within mesencephalon
What is the pathway of CN IV
Leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to superior oblique muscle
What conditions are associated with damage to CN IV
Paralysis of superior oblique, leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly), diplopia (double vision)
What is the function of CN VI
Abducens nerve
innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (lateral rectus) for eye abduction (pulls away laterally)
What is the origin of Abducens Nerve
Pontine (abducens) nucleus in pons
What is the pathway of CN VI
Leaves cranium through superior orbital fissure and travels to the lateral rectus muscle
what conditions are caused by nerve damage to CN VI
paralysis of lateral rectus limits lateral movement of eye; diplopia (double vision)
Brachial motor function of CN V
Trigeminal nerve
to muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor (veli) palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly digastric
General sensory function of CN V
Trigeminal nerve
form the face and scalp as far as the top of the head, conjunctiva, bulb of the eye, mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses, and nasal and oral cavities including tongue and teeth, part of the external aspect of the tympanic membrane, form the meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) Maxillary nerve (CN V2) Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
what is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that has both somatic motor and somatic sensory functions
Mandibular nerve (V3)
What foramen does the mandibular nerve pass through
The foramen ovale
What foramen does the maxillary nerve pass through
The foramen rotundum
what foramen does the Ophthalmic nerve pass through
The superior orbital fissure
what is the function of the ophthalmic nerve CN V1
Somatic sensory
to cornea, upper conjunctiva, mucosa of anterosuperior nasal cavity, frontal ethmoidal sinuses, anterior and supratentorial dura mater, skin of dorm of external nose, superior eyelid, forehead, and scalp
What is the function of the maxillary nerve CN V2
Somatic sensory
Supplies dura mater of anterior part of middle cranial fossa; conjunctiva of inferior eyelid; mucosa of posteroinferior nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate and anterior part of superior oral vestibule; maxillary teeth; and skin of lateral external nose, inferior eyelid, anterior cheek, and upper lip
what is the function of the mandibular nerve CN V3
Somatic sensory and somatic motor
- supplies sensory innervation to mucosa of anterior two thirds of tongue, floor of mouth, and posterior and anterior inferior oral vestibule; mandibular teeth, and skin of lower lip, buccal, parotid, and temporal regions of face, and external ear (auricular, upper external auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane)
- supplies motor innervation to muscles fo mastication, mylohoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palantini
what are the somatic (branchial) motor functions of CN VII
Facial nerve
fxn: to supply the stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric muscles, the muscles of facial expression, including buccinator, platysma and occipitals muscles
What are the visceral motor functions of CN VII
For stimulation of the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands, as well as the mucous membrane of the nose, and hard and soft palates
What are the general sensory functions of CN VII
To supply the skin of the concha of the auricle, a small area of skin behind the ear, and possibly to supplement V3, which supplies the wall of the acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane
What are the special sensory functions of CN VII
for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the hard and soft palates
what is the function of CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Cochlear branch conducts impulses for hearing
Vestibular branch conducts impulses for equilibrium
what is the origin of the CN VIII
Vestibular branch: hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear
Cochlear branch: Cochlea of the inner ear
Pathway for CN VIII
Sensory cell bodies for vestibular branch are located in the vestibular ganglion, while sensory cell bodies of the cochlear branch are located in the spiral ganglion near the cochlea. The branches merge together and enter the cranial cavity though internal auditory canal and travel to junction of the pons and the medulla oblongata
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN VIII
lesions in the vestibular branch produce loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness
Lesions in the cochlear branch result in deafness
what is the somatic (branchial) motor function of CN IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
To supply the striated muscle, the stylopharyngess
What is the visceral motor function of CN IX
To supply the otic ganglion, which sends fibers to stimulate the parotid gland
What is the visceral sensory function of CN IX
Carries sensation (subconscious) form the carotid body and form the carotid sinus
What is the General sensory function of the CN IX
Provides general sensation form the posterior one-third of the tongue, the skin of the external ear, and the internal surface of the tympanic membrane
What is the Special sensory function of CN IX
For last from the posterior one-third of the tongue
what is the somatic (Brachial) motor function of CN X
To striated muscles of the pharynx, tongue, and larynx
What is the visceral motor function of CN X
To smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera
What ar het visceral sensory function of CN X
From the larynx, trachea, esophagus, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, stretch receptors in the walls of the aortic arch, chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies adjacent to the arch
What are the general sensory functions of CN X
Form the skin at the back of the ear and in the external acoustic meatus, part of the external surface of the tympanic membrane, and the pharynx
What is the somatic motor function of CN XI
Innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
What is the origin of CN XI
Spinal root: motor nuclei in spinal cord
What is the pathway for CN XI
spinal root travels superiorly to enter skull though foramen magnum: there, cranial and spinal roots merge and leave the skull via jugular foramen. once outside the skull, cranial root splits to travel with CN X and spinal root travels to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
What are some conditions associated with nerve damage to CN XI
paralysis of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, resulting in difficulty in elevating shoulder (trapezius function) or turning head to opposite side (sternocleidomastoid function)
what is the somatic motor function of CN XII
To supply all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (X)
what are the origins of CN XII
hypoglossal nucleus in medulla oblongata
What is the pathway for CN XII
Leaves cranium via hypoglossal canal: travels inferior to mandible and to inferior surface of the tongue
Conditions caused by damage to CN XII
Swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement: if a single hypoglossal here (either left or right) is paralyzed, a protruded (stuck out) tongue deviates to the side of the damaged nerve
what is the postsynaptic ganglion in the visceral motor component of CN III
Ciliary ganglion
what is the postsynaptic ganglion in the visceral motor component of CN VII
Pterygopalatine and submandibular
what is the postsynaptic ganglion in the visceral motor component of CN IX
Otic ganglion
Who loves Halen
Tyler!!!
