Lecture 1-4 Flashcards
What is the 4 most common mental disorders and how prevalent are they?
Depression (17%)
Alcohol-Dependence (14%)
Social Phobia (13%)
Specific Phobia (11%)
What is the % chance of having 1+ mental disorders in a lifetime?
48%
What is the % chance of having 1+ mental disorder in the last 12 months?
29%
What is the % or occurrence in a lifetime of having no, 1, 2, 3+ disorders?
None: 52%
One: 21%
Two: 13%
Three or more: 14%
What % of people will seek help for their disorders in a lifetime and in the last 12 months?
Lifetime: 40%
12 Months: 20%
What is the problem with defining abnormality as quantitatively (difference in degree) different from what we are used to?
Where’s the cut-off between normal and abnormal?
What is wrong with defining abnormality as qualitatively (type of experience) different from what we are used to?
The experiences could be drug-induced.
What is wrong with defining abnormality as a reaction that is out of proportion to the situation?
How do you know if a reaction is “out-of-proportion?”
What about severe reactions to situations? (They could seem out-of-place.)
What is wrong with defining abnormality as statistically infrequent (how rare it is)?
Many desirable traits are rare (ex. IQ).
What is wrong with defining abnormality as behavior that violates social norms?
Norms change.
What is wrong with defining abnormality as behavior that is dangerous to self or others?
Fighters, soldiers, etc.
What are the egos two main functions?
- to mediate id and superego.
- to screen threatening impulses that arise from the id. Uses defense mechs. to prevent forbidden urges from reaching awareness.
How can defense mechanisms be both healthy and unhealthy?
Healthy if they protect us from anxiety-provoking innate urges. Unhealthy if they are so strong they distort reality and lead to neurosis.
What 2 types of disorders does the psychodynamic model do well at treating?
Conversion and dissociative disorders.
What are Neo-Freudians (ego-analysts)?
View ego as capable of more awareness and having more control over ID - thus, don’t need to delve into childhood memories.
What is the basic assumption of psychotherapy?
Neurotic symptoms are defenses that protect the person from underlying conflicts.
What are the main goals of psychotherapy?
Bring underlying conflict into open and getting the patient to deal with the problems directly rather than defending through neurotic conflicts.
How does the Humanistic Perspective describe how disorders come to be?
People suffer due to social forces that block the emergence of inner goodness. - They come due to accepting parental conditions of worth and denying organismic needs.
What are the goals of client centered therapy?
- Eliminate unrealistic conditions of worth. 2. Get person to accept organismic needs as normal (to accept themselves for who they are).
How does client-centered therapy meet its goals (3)?
- Unconditional positive regard. 2. Accurate empathic understanding. 3. Genuineness.
What are the two types of accurate empathic understanding?
- Primary empathy - Paraphrasing
2. Adv. Accurate Empathy - Go beyond what patient says and add some insight.
What are the three factors for successful treatment?
- Treatment-specific factors
- Client-specific factors (motivation)
- Nonspecific (or “common”) factors (characteristics shared by all (or most) therapies. Ex. Genuineness.)
What does Rogerian therapy treat well?
Adjustment problems.
Define: aversive therapy
Classical conditioning therapy in which a pleasant stimulus is paired with an unpleasant stimulus in order to produce an aversion to the present stimulus.
Define: counterconditioning
Classical conditioning method that involves: Replacing the old association with a new one.
Define: Aversive
Tending to avoid or causing avoidance of a noxious or punishing stimulus.
