Lecture 1

Question 1

Salience of activity

Answer 1

The activity needs to matter to the patient, they may not want to certain things so activity must be relevant and easily perceived

Question 2

Those with high ____/____ have better outcomes in physical therapy

Answer 2

self esteem self efficacy

Question 3

Useful education techniques (5)

Answer 3

• pace information provided (one improvement at a time)
• provide feedback
• perform activities in as realistic setting as possible
• encourage patient’s questions and comments
• practice recall of information

Question 4

_____ replaces compliance

Answer 4

adherence

Question 5

A push/pull that creates an action of one body upon another

Answer 5

force

Question 5

Goal of PT

Answer 5

create enough of the right kinds of forces to accomplish a task in the safest, most effective, and most efficient manner possible

Question 6

Center of mass =

location on body?

what can affect center of mass

Answer 6

balance point

just anterior to S2

lack of limb, heavy cast

Question 7

Force couple act together to …..

Answer 7

move an object about a pivot point

Question 8

Tension is pulling ….

Answer 8

pulling on each end of a surface or attempting to stretch/ lengthen a tissue

Question 9

Compression

Answer 9

pushing two surfaces together

Question 10

Axial compression

Answer 10

compressive force that is directed along the long axis of a structre

Question 11

Distraction

Answer 11

pulling that tries to seperate two forces

Question 12

Shear

Answer 12

two forces opposite in direction that are parallel to contacting surfaces (ex femur and tibia)

Question 13

Torsion

Answer 13

Twisting force about a structures long axis

Question 13

Bending

Answer 13

pushing a load forward that bends around a pivot point creating tension and compression

Question 14

Combined loading

Answer 14

a combination of more that one type of loading

Question 15

Too little load is often due to
or possibly

Answer 15

• Immobilization or decreased activity
• muscle atrophy, bone loss

Question 16

Too much load can be due to (2)

Answer 16

• single episode in which force exceeds tissue ability to accommodate it
• small repeated force that damages tissue

Question 17

For promotion of STABILITY
-BOS
-line of gravity
-distance between COM and BOS is:
-COM is

Answer 17

-BOS: greater in area
-line of gravity acting on the object’s COM is at or near the center of the BOS
- distance between COM and BOS is shortened
-COM is lower and closer to BOS

Question 18

For promotion of MOBILITY
-BOS
-line of gravity
-distance between COM and BOS is:

Answer 18

-BOS: smaller in area
-line of gravity is allowed to move beyond the center of the BOS
-distance of the COM above the BOS is greater

Question 19

Newton’s 1st law

what is inertia

Answer 19

(intertia: the resistance to initiation of or change to motion)
- object at rest stays at rest, object in motion stays in motion unless acted on

Question 20

Newton’s 2nd law (3)

Answer 20

-Force = mass x acceleration
-use momentum to decrease force required to accomplish a motion
-increasing time to lesson the effect of stopping a force (gymnast landing w knees bent)

Question 20

Class 1 lever

Answer 20

the pivot lies between (middle) the load and the effort
(head and neck or see saw)

Question 21

Newton’s 3rd law

Answer 21

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 22

Class 2 lever

Answer 22

the load is between the pivot and the effort
mechanical advantage: less effort to move load
(foot, calf, heel joint)

Question 23

Class 3 lever

Answer 23

the load is further away from the pivot than the effort
(elbow joint)

Question 24

Torque

Answer 24

a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis

(bicep example) - as lever arm lengthens torque increases
as lever arm shortens torque decreases (struggle as elbow approaches 90 degrees higher torque acting on elbow)

Question 25

Avoid twisting of the trunk especially when
Push rather than pull …
___ during exertion

Answer 25

it is flexed

an object over a distance (can safely generate more force)

exhale

Question 26

FIM
7 Complete independence
6 Modified independence
5 Supervision/standby assistance/setup
4 Minimal assistance
3 Moderate assistance
2 Maximal assistance
1 Complete dependence / assistance of 2

Answer 26

7 Patient does 100% of work
6 Patient uses a device
5 Cognitive issues: cannot be left alone, close guard (no touch), set up things like meals
4 75% patient, 25% PT
3 50% patient, 50% PT
2 75% PT, 25% patient
1 PT does 100% of work

Question 27

Indications for a tilt table (3)

Contraindications (2)

Answer 27

facilitate weight bearing
improve pulmonary ventilation
prevent development of osteoporosis

bilteral LE WBing limitation
unstable spinal cord injuries

Question 28

Stages of grief

Answer 28

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance