lecture 1

Question 1

outcomes

Answer 1

-Define thinking and metacognition.
-Define critical thinking and list the c-ritical thinking skills.
-Describe the habits that support -critical thinking.
-Apply critical thinking skills.

Question 2

what is thinking?

Answer 2

is purposeful mental activity that is both conscious and sub conscious

Question 3

Thinking involves other mental activities such as:

Answer 3

Recognizing: a thought
◻ Remembering: Renewing a previous thought
◻ Reasoning: Controlled thinking while being aware of a
problem and finding a solution
◻ Imagining: Dreaming, creating situations/thoughts
◻ Emoting: Giving emotion towards a thought
◻ Deciding: Final step before acting/deciding

Question 4

what is metacognition?

Answer 4

-thinking about thinking
planning

organizing thoughts/self assessing

self-correcting

problem solving

completing a task

avoiding distractions

all these examples have the similarities of thinking and adapting

Question 5

what are the 6 skills related to critical thinking?

Answer 5

Interpretation: Recognizing without bias
Analysis: Detecting arguments; analyzing arguments
Inference: Forming a hypothesis/conclusion/theory
Evaluation: Critical assessment of claims
Explanation: Understanding how you came to your judgement
Self-Regulation: Check your understanding

Question 6

what are the 6 types of thinking from talk ?

Answer 6

Interpretation/recognizing/remember

Analysis/forming an argument and detecting them

Inference/forming hypothesis/theories

Evaluation/critical assessment

Explanation/Understanding how you came to your judgment

Self regulation- checking understanding

Question 7

all ways of thinking are interconnected?

Answer 7

True they work together

Question 8

How can we improve our thinking? 4 approaches/ways

Answer 8

Distinction between objects and ideas

Systems -breaking things down and building new ideas or concepts from them

Relationships-discovering connections between and among ideas

Take multiple perspective- allows us to get a better understanding form all angles to better take a stance on the subject

Question 9

Knowledge acquisition, what are the ways it can be gained?

Answer 9

superstition define
intuition define
authority define

Question 10

what is critical thinking?

Answer 10

It is the the art or ability to reason and decide what is and is not true. Is RATIONAL*

Not based on:
-emotion
-closed minded approach
-dishonest
-lazy intellectually do the research

Question 11

critical thinking requires all 6 skills about thinking

Answer 11

interpretation: Recognizing without bias
❑Analysis: Detecting arguments; analyzing arguments
❑Inference: Forming a hypothesis/conclusion/theory
❑Evaluation: Critical assessment of claims
❑Explanation: Understanding how you came to your
judgement
❑Self-Regulation:

Question 12

what are GOOD critical thinking habits ?

Answer 12

Evidence]-seeking
◻Open-mindedness
◻Analytical
◻Systematic
◻Inquisitive

Question 13

what are BAD critical thinking habits ?

Answer 13

Poor
◻Intellectually dishonest
◻Intolerant
◻Heedless of
consequences
◻Hostile toward reason
◻Indifferent

Question 14

Critical thinking allows one to ?

Answer 14

challenge ASSUMPTIONS

formulate DEEPER QUESTIONS

draw sound conclusions and TEST them against criteria

be open minded, to new ways of thinking

communicate well with others

Question 15

reliable/ credible information

Question 16

Knowledge is quired in 3 ways. What are they?

Answer 16

Superstition: Based on subjective thoughts; interpreting
random and magical events
Examples: Full moon, rabbit foot, 13 bad luck

2. Intuition: Gain knowledge while not consciously aware
   Example: Gut feeling
3. Authority: Person in an authoritative position
   Example: Professor, doctor, government
   *Not always an expert!

Question 17

label the 3 knowledge acquisition in order of reliability.

Answer 17

Authority- Most
Intuition -More
Superstition-least

Question 18

Information mountain triangle

Answer 18

goes from bottom least quality of information to higher more quality

Question 19

examples of information places to quire knowledge

Answer 19

1. Top-Most reliable/ quality
   -systematic reviews
   -meta analysis
   -lit reviews
2. Middle -Studies
   -cohort
   -case
   -randomized
   -peer revied
3. bottom-background/web resources
   -encyclopedias
   -news papers
   -magazines

Question 20

The ways of acquiring knowledge?

Answer 20

Rationalism: Based on logic; not always accurate; deduction (general to specific)

Empiricism: Gained via experience; inductive (specific to general)

Science: Combination of rationalism and empiricism

Question 21

what is an example of rationalism ?

Answer 21

Deductive reasoning
-general premises → specific conclusion
premise 1 all men are married
premise 2 Paster Matt is married
conclusion paster Matt is married

Question 22

what are the 2 criteria of Deductive reasoning to find out whether or not something is true?

Answer 22

validity and Soundness

1.Argument is VALID if the conclusion follows the premise

2.Argument is SOUND if both premises are true

the argument is valid because Paster matt is married but is not sound because not all pasters are married.

Question 23

Empiricism- inductive reasoning

Answer 23

specific premises → general conclusion
Premise: Birds fly into the air but eventually come down
Premise: People who jump into the air fall back down
Premise: Rocks thrown into the air come bacPremise: Balls thrown into the air come back down
k down

Conclusion: What goes up must come down

Question 24

Inductive reasoning evaluates what?

Answer 24

An inductive argument is true based on if its strong or weak. It does not prove the conclusion
strong- if its compelling
weak- if its not supported by its premises