Lecture 1 Flashcards
what is cancer
abnormal cell growth
uncontrollable
chronic
neoplasm
new growth or an abnormal masse
two categories of malignant neoplasm (cancer) in a mammal
tumor
hemotologic
tumor
abnormal mass of solid tissue
hematologic
abnormal mass in a fluid
examples of hematologic
myeloid (bone marrow)
lymphoid
classes of neoplsia
benign
precancerous
malignant
oncology
branch of medicine dealing with cancer
why is cancer dangerous
loss of function an organ
can spread from non vital organ to a vital organ
what does cancer do in organ to kill it
displace healthy cells
invade vital tissue structures
how to diagnose
visual inspection
blood screens
imaging scans
sensation or physiological change
leads to biopsy
histopathology
for tissue that is solid
cytopathology
for hematological test
prognosis
“likely outcome based on characteristics and steps involved”
types of cancer therapy
chemotherapy
targeted antibody
surgery
radiation
immunotherapy
stem cell transplant
healthy cells have ___ copies of each gene
2
how are the two copies of each gene expressed in a cell
expressed by RNA to become a protein
sometimes they are both expressed and sometimes only partially
two mutation cell types
somatic and germline
somatic mutations
principle cause of cancer
not in germ cells, sperm, or eggs
formed after the individual has filly grown
germline mutations
inheritable
increased likelihood that family members have that cancer
G2, G3
proto-oncogene
P2,P3
protein product of proto-oncogene
G2*
oncogene
G1, G4
tumor suppressor genes
P1 and P4
protein products of tumor suppressor genes
growth division and invasion migration
