Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is a project?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product service, or result.
What is project Management?
- The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
What are the main processes of project management?
-Initiating
-Planning
-Executing
-Controlling
-Closing
What is the project life cycle?
Based on the processes of project management:
– Starting the project (Initiation)
– Organizing and preparing (Planning)
– Carrying out the work (Execution)
– Closing the project (closure)
What is a project charter
Short document that describes project
- Objectives, how it’s carried out (scope) and who the stakeholders are.
Who are the Stakeholders
-Project manager; person responsible for managing project
-Customer/user: person / org that will use the end product
- Perfomring org - Enterprise whose employees are mostly involved in working on the project
- Project team members: the group that is performing the work of the project
- Project management team: members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities.
- Sponsor: person/group that provides financial resources.
- Influencers: people/group related or not directly to the acquisition/use of the product.
Positive and negative stakeholders
- Positive benefit from a successful outcome.
-Negative see negative outcomes from project’s success
What are the three project management objectives
Time, cost, quality
What is project integration managemnts.
Processes required to ensure proper coordination of various project elements.
- Project plan development
- Project plan execution
- Integration change control
Project scope management
Processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required
Project Time management
Processes to ensure timely completion of project
Project cost management
To ensure the project is completed within planned budget
Project Quality Management
processes required to ensure the project satisfies the needs for which it was undertaken.
Project Human ressource management.
To ensure effective use of people involved.
Project communications management.
Processes required to ensure timely and appropriate handling of project information.
Project risk management.
Processes concerned with indetifying, analyzing, and responding to project risk
Project procurement management
Processes required to acquire goods and services from outside the organization
Project Phases:
- Inception
- Planning and definition
- Design
- Procurement and production
- Start up and commisioning
Three types of organizational structures
- Functional
- Projectized
- Matrix
Functional organization
Project is divided into segments and assigned to relevant functional areas and or group within functional areas.
Example:
CEO commands multiple functional managers (finance, R/D) who each command their own staff.
Strengths of functional organization
- High stability
- High professional standard
- Incorporation of latest technology
- Excellent corporate memory
Weaknesses of functional organization
- Poor communication accross functional areas
- Low adaptability
- overly rigid operating rules
- Resistance to change
When does functional organization work best?
- Works best when design and construction don’t
overlap
Projectized organization
Project manager is in chage of a project team composed of a core group of personel from different functional areas/groups assigned on a full-time basis. Funcional managers have no involvement.
Basically, there are multiple project managers that report to a CEO, and each project manager orders staff.
Matrix Organization
Hybrid of functional and projectized
Strong matrix -> resembled projectized
Weak matrix resembles functional.
Scope, cost, and schedule are responsibility of project manager
functional objectives such as quality assurance, etc are responsibility of functional manager
Advantages of matrix
-combines functional strength with the advantge of project-oriented team
- fosters excellent climate for developping project managers.
- corporate memory
Disadvantage of matrix:
- difficulty in defining accountability of both functional and project managers.
- violates the fact that no subordinate should report to two bosses
