Lecture 1 Flashcards
What kind of cellular structure do bacteria have?
Unicellular
What shapes are bacteria?
Bacillus- rod like
Coccus- spherical
Spiral- corkscrew
What are the formations of bacteria?
Pairs, chains and clusters
How are bacteria enclosed?
In cell walls composed of peptidogylcan
Where do archaea live?
In extreme environments
What makes archaea unique?
It is prokaryotic but lacks peptidogylcan
What are the 3 characteristics of archaea?
Methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles
What does an archaea being a methanogen mean?
They produce methane waste
They are found in marshes and swamps
What does archaea being an extreme halophile mean?
Loving of salt
Examples- great salt lake and dead sea
What does archaea being an extreme thermophile mean?
Heat
Found in Hot sulfurus water such as Yellowstone national park
What 2 forms does fungi have?
Unicellular (yeasts)
Multicellular (molds)
How is Protozoa characterized?
Categorized by motility
What are pseudopods?
Category of Protozoa
False feet, extensions of cytoplasm
What are cilia?
Category of Protozoa
Numerous short appendages
What are flagella?
Category of Protozoa
Long appendage
What is the structure of Protozoa?
Unicellular
What do algae do?
Use photosynthesis for energy
What do all viruses have?
Genome (DNA or RNA)
Capsid- protein coat
What is a characteristic of viruses?
Obligatory intracellular parasites- must use host cell machinery, inert outside host
What is the structure of a virus?
Acellular
What are the 7 taxa of decreasing relatedness?
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Which microorganisms are prokaryotes?
Bacteria, archaea
Which microorganisms are eukaryotes?
Fungi, Protozoa, algae
Who established scientific nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
What 2 names did Carolus Linnaeus give organisms?
Genus (capitalized 1st letter)
Species
Who first discovered the bacterial world?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Who was against the spontaneous generation claim and tested with maggots on decaying meat?
Francesco Redi
Who was for spontaneous generation?
John Needham
Tested using broth boiled
Who else was against the spontaneous generation theory?
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Boiled broth with glass necks melted to seal flasks
What did Louis Pasteur do?
Used an s shaped flask to prove the theory of biogenesis (all living things arise only from living things)
explained wine souring reason
Who spearheaded discoveries during the golden age of microbiology?
Pasteur and Robert Koch
Who indirectly supported the germ theory?
Ignaz Semmelweis- hand washing between deliveries
Florence Nightingale- nursing antiseptic techniques
Joseph Lister- phenol to prevent surgical wound infections
Who was the first to prove bacteria causes disease (anthrax)?
Robert Koch
Who spear headed the small pox vaccine trials?
Edward Jenner
Who developed the first synthetic drug (Salvarsan)?
Paul Ehrlich
Treated syphilis
Who accidentally discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
What experiment did Francesco Redi perform?
He tested spontaneous generation of maggots on decaying meat
What experiment did John Needham perform?
Boiled broth with cork seal
What experiment did Lazzaro Spallanzani perform?
boiled broth with flasks melted for seal
What shape was anthrax discovered by Robert Koch?
rod shaped
What is Koch’s postulates?
Experimental steps to prove that specific microbe causes specific disease
What was the first synthetic drug discovered?
salvarsan
What are the 3 domains of life?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
What do bacteria have that archaea don’t?
peptidoglycan
What kind of microbe is algae?
photosynthetic eukaryote
