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Micro Lecture > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cellular structure do bacteria have?

A

Unicellular

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2
Q

What shapes are bacteria?

A

Bacillus- rod like
Coccus- spherical
Spiral- corkscrew

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3
Q

What are the formations of bacteria?

A

Pairs, chains and clusters

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4
Q

How are bacteria enclosed?

A

In cell walls composed of peptidogylcan

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5
Q

Where do archaea live?

A

In extreme environments

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6
Q

What makes archaea unique?

A

It is prokaryotic but lacks peptidogylcan

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7
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of archaea?

A

Methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles

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8
Q

What does an archaea being a methanogen mean?

A

They produce methane waste
They are found in marshes and swamps

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9
Q

What does archaea being an extreme halophile mean?

A

Loving of salt
Examples- great salt lake and dead sea

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10
Q

What does archaea being an extreme thermophile mean?

A

Heat
Found in Hot sulfurus water such as Yellowstone national park

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11
Q

What 2 forms does fungi have?

A

Unicellular (yeasts)
Multicellular (molds)

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12
Q

How is Protozoa characterized?

A

Categorized by motility

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13
Q

What are pseudopods?

A

Category of Protozoa
False feet, extensions of cytoplasm

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14
Q

What are cilia?

A

Category of Protozoa
Numerous short appendages

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15
Q

What are flagella?

A

Category of Protozoa
Long appendage

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16
Q

What is the structure of Protozoa?

A

Unicellular

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17
Q

What do algae do?

A

Use photosynthesis for energy

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18
Q

What do all viruses have?

A

Genome (DNA or RNA)
Capsid- protein coat

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19
Q

What is a characteristic of viruses?

A

Obligatory intracellular parasites- must use host cell machinery, inert outside host

20
Q

What is the structure of a virus?

A

Acellular

21
Q

What are the 7 taxa of decreasing relatedness?

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
22
Q

Which microorganisms are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria, archaea

23
Q

Which microorganisms are eukaryotes?

A

Fungi, Protozoa, algae

24
Q

Who established scientific nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

25
Q

What 2 names did Carolus Linnaeus give organisms?

A

Genus (capitalized 1st letter)
Species

26
Q

Who first discovered the bacterial world?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

27
Q

Who was against the spontaneous generation claim and tested with maggots on decaying meat?

A

Francesco Redi

28
Q

Who was for spontaneous generation?

A

John Needham
Tested using broth boiled

29
Q

Who else was against the spontaneous generation theory?

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani
Boiled broth with glass necks melted to seal flasks

30
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do?

A

Used an s shaped flask to prove the theory of biogenesis (all living things arise only from living things)

explained wine souring reason

31
Q

Who spearheaded discoveries during the golden age of microbiology?

A

Pasteur and Robert Koch

32
Q

Who indirectly supported the germ theory?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis- hand washing between deliveries
Florence Nightingale- nursing antiseptic techniques
Joseph Lister- phenol to prevent surgical wound infections

33
Q

Who was the first to prove bacteria causes disease (anthrax)?

A

Robert Koch

34
Q

Who spear headed the small pox vaccine trials?

A

Edward Jenner

35
Q

Who developed the first synthetic drug (Salvarsan)?

A

Paul Ehrlich
Treated syphilis

36
Q

Who accidentally discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

37
Q

What experiment did Francesco Redi perform?

A

He tested spontaneous generation of maggots on decaying meat

38
Q

What experiment did John Needham perform?

A

Boiled broth with cork seal

39
Q

What experiment did Lazzaro Spallanzani perform?

A

boiled broth with flasks melted for seal

40
Q

What shape was anthrax discovered by Robert Koch?

A

rod shaped

41
Q

What is Koch’s postulates?

A

Experimental steps to prove that specific microbe causes specific disease

42
Q

What was the first synthetic drug discovered?

A

salvarsan

43
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

44
Q

What do bacteria have that archaea don’t?

A

peptidoglycan

45
Q

What kind of microbe is algae?

A

photosynthetic eukaryote

Micro Lecture (7 decks)

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