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Microbio > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This person prevents infection with a vaccine

A

Jenner

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2
Q

This person proposed that microbes were responsible for diseases based on observing while fermenting wine

A

Louis Pasteur

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3
Q

This person demonstrated that a specific disease was caused by a microbe
Linked anthrax spores in soil to anthrax growth in cows/human disease

A

Robert Koch

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4
Q

This person discovered Tuberculosis bacterium

A

Robert Koch

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5
Q

Koch’s Four Postulates

A

The suspected germ must be PRESENT in every case of the disease
The germ must be ISOLATED and grown in pure culture
The cultured germ must cause the disease when it is INOCULATED into a healthy, susceptible experimental host
The same germ must be REISOLATED from the diseased experimental host

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6
Q

These are intracellular parasites that cannot synthesize proteins without host proteins and enzymes

A

Viruses

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7
Q

If the virus particle contains an extra lipid bilayer membrane surrounding the protein capsid it is called =

A

Enveloped Virus

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8
Q

In a GI infection, would you more likely find a enveloped virus or a naked virus?

A

NAKED Virus = typically more virulent

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9
Q

Why don’t viruses fit into the domain system? How are they usually referred?

A

They are ACELLULAR – they are usually classified by family and genus and referred by a COMMON NAME

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10
Q

What does VAP do for viruses?

A

**Viruses express viral attachment proteins to bind to host receptors for colonization and infection

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11
Q

Rabies Virus has a ____ host range

A

BROAD host range

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12
Q

Measles has a ____ host range

A

NARROW

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13
Q

______ = spectrum of host cells the virus can infect

A

HOST RANGE

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14
Q

What can EXPAND the HOST RANGE of a VIRUS

A

Mutations of viral genomes (influenza)

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15
Q

About 40% of hospital acquired infections are due to what origin?

A

FUNGI ORIGIN

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16
Q

This organism is chemotrophic – obtains energy through inorganic matter – external digestion

A

Saprophytes

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17
Q

Two morphologies of Fungi

A

Mold/Hyphae and Yeast

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18
Q

Cell membranes of Fungi contain _____ not cholesterol

A

Ergosterol

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19
Q

Slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei enclosed by a cell wall

A

Hyphae

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20
Q

______ = filamentous mass of hyphae makes up an individual organism – can permeate soil, water or living tissue

A

Mycelium

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21
Q

What seperates cytoplasm and nuclei into cells

A

Septa

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22
Q

This is multinucleated due to having incomplete or no septa

A

Coenocytic

23
Q

Single-celled fungi – generally round to oval shaped – reproduces by budding

A

Yeast

24
Q

Hyphae with sausage like constrictions at septations

A

Pseudohyphae

25
Q

What is notable for developing into psuedohyphae and true hyphae when it invades tissues

A

Candida Albicans

26
Q

Nonseptate Vs Septate Hyphae

A
27
Q

What is this?

A

Pseudohyphae

28
Q

What is this?

A

Molds

29
Q

What is this?

A

Yeast

30
Q

Are most fungi exogenous or endogenous

A

Exogenous – natural habitats being water, soil, and organic debris

31
Q

Two most common mycoses

A

Candidasis/Dermatophytosis

32
Q

____ = results when a virulent microbe (pathogen) invades and begins growing (colonization) within a host

A

Infection

33
Q

____ = results when as a consequence of colonization, tissue or cellular function is impaired

A

Disease

34
Q

= obligatory, dependent; both members benefit

A

Mutalism

35
Q

= commensal benefits; other member not harmed

A

Commensalism

36
Q

= parasite is dependent and benefits; host harmed

A

Parasitism

37
Q
A
38
Q

This is often the consequence of: prolonged/repeated/unusally burdensome infection

A

Disease

39
Q

these are one celled eukaryotes

A

PROTOZOANS

40
Q

Protozoans usually have two distinct life cycle stages =

A

trophozoite and cyst

41
Q

= formless cells move by pseudopods — intestinal parasites — alternate between trophs/cysts

A

AMOEBAS

42
Q

= use one or more flagella for motility — intestinal/blood parasites — transmitted by arthropods

A

FLAGGELLATES

43
Q

= intracellular replication — blood/tissue parasites

A

Apicomplexans (sporozoa)

44
Q

= multicellular animals — larger than protozoa

reproduce sexually — requires both male/female worms

A

Helminths

45
Q

Two types of Helminths

A

Roundworms(Nematodes)
Flatforms : Flukes and Tapeworms

46
Q

short flatworms with nonsegmented bodies

A

Flukes

47
Q

segmented worms that vary in size from few mm to several meters in length

A

Tapeworms

48
Q

Oviparous Vs. Vivparous

A

Excretes Eggs Vs. Give birth to living larvae

49
Q

= thick peptidogylcan layers with techoic/lipotechoic acid

A

Gram Positive – Purple

50
Q

Thin peptidoglycan layer with two membranes

A

Gram Negative – Pinnk

51
Q

What blocks bacterial translation by binding reversibly to the **16S rRNA in the 30S subunit **and distorting it in such a way that the anticodons of the charged tRNAs cannot align properly with the codons of the mRNA

A

Tetracyclines

52
Q

This is bright pink in color.
Contains a waxy material in the cell wall = **mycolic acid – prevents gram staining **
Expressed by myobacterium and Nocardia

A

Acid Fast Bacterial Cell Wall

53
Q

smallest known bactera and agent of atpical pneumonia is

A

MYCOPLASMA
does not express a cell wall

54
Q

Identify the different motile bacteria

A

Monotrichous
Peritrichous
Lophotrichous

Microbio (6 decks)

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