Exam 5

Question 1

What does the capsule do?

Answer 1

Protects against phagocytosis

Question 2

What does the SLIME Layer do?
Is the network of polysaccharides LOOSE or TIGHT?

Answer 2

ADHERENCE to surfaces
Forms a BIOFILM
LOOSE NETWORK of polysaccaharides

Question 3

This type of anaerobes uses 02 as a terminal electron acceptor to generate ATP but can also use fermentation

Streptococci, Staphylococci, Enteric Gram - Bacteria

Answer 3

FACULATATIVE ANAEROBES

Question 4

Anaerobes Cant Breathe Fresh Air

Answer 4

They lack catalase and or superoxide dismutase
Clostridium
Bacteroides
fushobacterium
Actinomyces Israelli

Question 5

In Encapuslated Bacteria, their capsules serve as what?

Answer 5

Antiphagocytic Virulence Factor

Question 6

People with chronic granulomatous disease have reuccrent infections with certain catalase
Catalase + or -?

Answer 6

Catalase +
Catalase degrades H2O2 into H2O and O2 bubbles

Question 7

Virulence Factor

Protein A Binds the Fc region of ____
Prevents what ___ and ___?
Expressed by S Aureus

Answer 7

Binds Fc region of IgG
Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis

Question 8

What virulence factor protein that is expressed by GROUP A steptococci, prevents phagocytosis?

Group A Streptococci = Streptococcus Pyogenes

Answer 8

M Protein

Question 9

What induces TNF, IL1 and IL6 endotoxins or exotoxins?

Answer 9

ENDOTOXINS

Question 10

Diptheria Toxin and Exotonin A INACTIVATE ____

Corynebacterium Diphteriae and Pseudomoans Aeruginosa

Answer 10

Inactivate Elongation Factor (EF2)

Question 11

increase fluid secretion

This toxin overactivates adenylate cyclase (cAMP INC) leads to INC in cholrine secretion

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

Answer 11

HEAT LABILE TOXIN

Question 12

increase fluid secretion

This TOXIN overactivates guanylate cyclase (INC cGMP) and decreae NaCL

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

Answer 12

HEAT STABLE TOXIN

Question 13

increase fluid secretion

This Toxin mimics adenylate cyclase (INC cAMP)
Likely responsible for black eschar

Bacillus Anthracis

Answer 13

Anthrax Toxin

Question 14

increase fluid secretion

This toxin overactivates adenylate cyclase (INC cAMP) by permanently activating Gs
Rice Water Diarrhea

Vibrio Cholerae

Answer 14

CHOLERA TOXIN

Question 15

Inhibit Phagocytic Ability

This toxin activates adenylate cyclase (cAMP INC) by inactivating inhibitory subunit Gi
**WHOOPING COUGH **

Bordetella Pertussis

Answer 15

Pertussis Toxin

Question 16

Inhibit Release of Neurotransmitter

These are proteases that cleave SNARE = set of proteins required for neutrotransmitter release via vesicular fusion
Lock Jaw /Trismus , Infant Botul

Clostridium Tetani, Clostridium Botulinum

Answer 16

Tetanospasmin, Botulinum Toxin

Question 17

Lyse Cell Membranes

This toxin uses phospholipase that degrades tissue and cell membranes
Gas Gangrene and Hemolysis

Clostridium Perfringens

Answer 17

Alpha Toxin

Question 18

Lyse Cell Membtanes

This toxin degrades cell membrane
Rheumatic Fever
Beta Hemolytic

Streptococcus Pyogenes

Answer 18

Streptolysin O

Question 19

Superantigens Causing Shock

These toxins cross link B region of TCR to MHC Class II on APCs outside the antigen binding site –> overwhelming release of IL1, IL@, IFN-gamma and TNF alpha –> SHOCK
Toxic Shock Syndrome

Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Pyogenes

Answer 19

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1)
Erythogrencic Exotoxin A

Question 20

What type of hemolysis shows complete lysis of RBC – clear area surrounding colony on blood agar

Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes strep agalactiae, listeria monocytp

Answer 20

Beta Hemolytic Bacteria

Question 21

This type of hemolysis shows partial oxidation of hemoglobin – greenish/brownish in color

streptococcus pneumoniae and viridians streptococci

Answer 21

Alpha Hemolysis

Question 22

This bacteria is Gram + diplococci, Alpha Hemolytic, Encapsualted, IgA protease, Optochin Sensitive and most commonly causes MOPS

Meningigitc, Otitis Media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis

Answer 22

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Question 23

Gram ⊕, α-hemolytic cocci. Optochin resistant. Infectious Endocarditisi and Brain Abscesses

Live in the mouth because they are not afraid of the chin

Answer 23

Viridans Group Streptococci

Question 24

Group A

Gram ⊕ cocci in chains
ƒ Pyogenic: pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
Toxigenic—scarlet fever, toxic shock–like syndrome, necrotizing fascitis,
Immunologic—rheumatic fever, glomerulopnephritis

Bacitracin Sensitivve, Beta Hemolytic 
**M protein inhibits phagocytosis **

Streptokinase **

Answer 24

Streotococcus Pyogenes Group A

Question 25

Gram + Cocci, Bacitracin Resistant, Beta Hemolytic
Colonzies Vagina, Causes pneumonia, meningitis, ans sepsis mainly in babies

Capsule

Hippurate Test +

Answer 25

Streptococcus Aggalactiae
Group B

Question 26

Gram + Cocci, penicillin G resistant
More resilient than streptococci can grow in 6.5% NaCl

**BILE ESCULIN TEST + – black precipitate for E. Faecallis **

E Faecalis/ S. Bovis

Answer 26

Enterococcus

Question 27

Gram ⊕, spore-forming rod that produces anthrax toxin (protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor)
Protein Capsule
Cutaneous -- black eschar
Pulmonary – **Wool Sorters Disease **

Answer 27

Bacillus Anthracis

Question 28

Gram ⊕ rod. Causes food poisoning. Spores survive cooking rice
Emetic type causes nausea and vomiting within 1–5 hours

EMETIC TOXIN
Enterotoxin

Answer 28

Bacillus Cerus