Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the three steps to replication? (•3)
•Copying DNA
•Separating the two copies
•Splitting the cytoplasm to create two daughter cells.
Centromeres?
They connect the two chromatids.
Is a replicated chromosome with two sister chromatids considered two or one chromosome(s)?
One chromosome.
Are separated replicated chromosomes considered one or two chromosomes for each sister chromatid?
They are considered two separate chromosomes.
The phases of Mitosis? (•5)
•Interphase, the DNA is replicated and chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids.
•Prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle apparatus begins to form. Nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate.
•Metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle
•Anaphase, sister chromatids begins to get separated by microtubules produced by spindle apparatus. Each sister chromatid get pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
•Telophase, nuclear membrane forms, and chromosomes un-condense.
Locus?
The area of the chromosome where the gene is located.
Ploidy?
The number of copies of each kind of chromosome. If one chromosome is similar to another n times.
Diploid?
If there are two identical copies of chromosomes.
Haploid?
There is only one copy of a chromosome.
Aniploid
There are some diploid and haploid chromosomes. For example, there are two identical copies of chromosome A but only one copy of Chromosome B and C.
Haploid Number (n)
Number of kinds of chromosomes (n)
(n) is the?
Number of kinds of chromosomes (humans have n=23 chromosomes)
2n = 8 means?
A diploid (2) chromosome with n being the number of unique chromosomes (23 human chromosomes) and 8 total chromosomes.
Chromatids must be?
Only for replicated chromosomes that are attached to the centromere.
