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Question 1

Disturbance?

Answer 1

An event that removes many species and individuals from a community.

Question 2

Succession?

Answer 2

Colonization or growth of species following a disturbance.

Question 3

Secondary succession?

Answer 3

Recovery that follows a severe disturbance.

Question 4

Primary succession?

Answer 4

Colonization of a new habitat.

Question 5

Successional pathway?

Answer 5

Specific sequence of species that appears over time.

Question 6

The steps of succession?

Answer 6

Old field (disturbance removed most individuals and weedy species grow) -> Pioneering species (weedy species are replaced by longer-lived herbaceous species and grasses) -> Early successional community (short-lived and fast reproducing individuals) -> Mid-successional community (short-lived individuals mature, long lived trees begin to invade) -> Late-successional community (long-lived tree species mature) -> Climax community (full of K-Selected species)

Question 7

Above ground biomass (AGB)?

Answer 7

Standing dry mass of live or dead matter from tree or shrub life forms expressed as a mass per unit area.

Question 8

Biogeoclimatic zones?

Question 9

What happens if normal fire is not present in a site? (3•)

Answer 9

•Increased pathogens
•increased species diversity
•Increased fire risk due to more fuel

Question 10

Decomposers?

Answer 10

Secret enzymes into the environment to do the digestion for them to obtain various amino acids and carbohydrates.

Question 11

Detroitivores?

Answer 11

Digestion that occurs inside of them by eating dead biomass.

Question 12

Movement of nitrogen in the form of?

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

Movement of carbon in the form of?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates.

Question 14

Efficiency of energy transfer?

Answer 14

20% -> 15% -> 10%

Question 15

Why does less energy get transferred to higher trophic levels?

Answer 15

•Heat generated to keep body temp high (endotherm)
•More energy needed for capturing and finding prey
•Loss of biomass to the decomposer food web because some components are non digestible
•Energy is lost for organisms that undergo metabolism.

Question 16

How much biomass is used after being consumed?

Answer 16

Most of the biomass is lost after being consumed.

Question 17

Who takes advantage of the biomass that cannot be consumed by organisms?

Answer 17

Decomposers.

Question 18

What does nitrogen enter Primary producers as?

Answer 18

NH4+ (ammonium) & NO3- (nitrate)

Question 19

Nitrogen fixation?

Answer 19

Converting N2 into NH4+

Question 20

What relationship does nitrogen fixing bacteria form?

Answer 20

Mutualistic relationships with the roots of the plants.

Question 21

What makes a good biofuel?

Answer 21

•Providing a net energy gain OVER energy used to produce biofuel.

Question 22

Top down control of productivity?

Answer 22

•When predators control the n of herbivores. •Such reduction can increase growth of primary production

Question 23

What happens to CO2 in dead biomass if oxygen is lacking?

Answer 23

Decomposition cannot occur and an accumulation of CO2 solidity (heat and pressure from geologic processes). The soild is coal.

Question 24

Which rate of CO2 release was lower: Volcanoes or humans?

Answer 24

Volcanoes

Question 25

Consequences of a heating planet RAPIDLY?( 3•)

Answer 25

•Shift in precipitation patterns
•Change in ocean pH
•Altered ecosystems over the planet

Question 26

Upwelling?

Answer 26

When nearshore ocean currents bring nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface.

Question 27

Nutrients?

Answer 27

Essential elements such as carbon and nitrogen.