Lecture 1

Question 1

What two systems are the nervous system made up of?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 3

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 4

What system can regenerate axons?

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

What cells make up the nervous system?

Answer 5

Neurons and glial cells

Question 6

What is the role of glial cells?

Answer 6

To support neurons, there are 50-100 glial cells per neuron

Question 7

Approximately how many neurons are in the human brain?

Answer 7

10^12

Question 8

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 8

1. Multipolar
2. Pseudo-unipolar
3. Bipolar

Question 9

Which neurons are typically multipolar?

Answer 9

Motor neurons

Question 10

Which neurons are typically pseudo-unipolar?

Answer 10

Sensory neurons

Question 11

Which neurons are typically bipolar?

Answer 11

Eye and nose

Question 12

What are the 4 parts of the neuron?

Answer 12

Dendrites, body/soma, axons, axon terminals

Question 13

What makes up the neuron cell membrane?

Answer 13

Phospholipid bilayer (separates inside cell from outside cell)

Question 14

What requires no energy to pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 14

O2 and CO2

Question 15

How do O2 and CO2 move in and out of the cell?

Answer 15

Move down the concentration gradient

Question 16

How many Na+ and K+ ions are pumped in and out of the cell?

Answer 16

3 Na+ ions pumped OUT

2 K+ ions pumped IN

Question 17

T/F pumps are never turned off

Answer 17

True, if a pump is off the person is dead

Question 18

What do “leak” ion channels allow?

Answer 18

Allow lots of K+ to exit the cell

Allow little Na+ to enter the cell

Question 19

T/F “leak” ion channels are always open

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are the 3 types of gated Na+ ion channels?

Answer 20

1. Modality/Pressure gated
2. Transmitter/Ligand gated
3. Voltage gated

Question 21

Which gated ion channel responds to a physical stimulus?

Answer 21

Modality/Pressure gated

Question 22

Which gated ion channel responds to chemical binding?

Answer 22

Transmitter/ligand gated

Question 23

Which gated ion channel responds to changes in electrical potential?

Answer 23

Voltage gated

Question 24

Which channel is fast opening?

Answer 24

Voltage gated Na+ channel

Question 25

Which channel is slow opening?

Answer 25

Voltage gated K+ channel

Question 26

What are the charges on the inside and outside of the cell?

Answer 26

Inside the cell is negatively charged

Outside the cell is positively charged

Question 27

What causes Na+ to flow into the cell?

Answer 27

A stimulus

Question 28

What is resting membrane potential?

Answer 28

-70 mV

Question 29

Between what voltage does a local/graded potential occur at?

Answer 29

-70 to -55 mV

No action potential is generated

Question 30

What voltage must be reached to get to the threshold to generate an action potential?

Answer 30

-55 mV

Question 31

What flows into the cell when fast opening channels are opened? What is this called?

Answer 31

Influx of Na+

Depolarization

Question 32

What generates the action potential?

Answer 32

The influx of Na+ and reaching the threshold

Question 33

What flows out of the cell when slow opening channels are opened? What is this called?

Answer 33

K+

Repolarization

Question 34

T/F action potentials are all or nothing

Answer 34

True (action potential = nerve impluse)