Lecture 1

Question 0

What factors impact food choices??

Answer 0

• availability
• flavor, taste, texture
• routine and habits
• convenience
• cost
• marketing
• self expression
• culture and religion
• health beliefs
• environment: weather, soil condition, technology
• politics: labeling laws, trade

Question 1

What is nutrition??

Answer 1

The scientific study of food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health

Question 2

What are nutrients??

Answer 2

Chemical substances in food that are NECESSARY/CRITICAL for human growth and function and sustaining life

Question 3

Chemical

Answer 3

Has chemical composition

Question 4

What are the functions of nutrients??

Answer 4

• provide energy for normal physiological function, activity, growth
• promote growth, maintenance and repair body tissues
• involved in physilogical processes: vision, bones, energy production, transportating nutrients, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, immune system etc.

Question 5

What are essential nutrients??

Answer 5

• Nutrients with a specific biological function and without them your health will decline
• your body cannot make them on its own or they make it in insufficient quantities
• you must obtain them through your diet

Question 6

The 6 essential nutrients??

Answer 6

• water
• carbs
• fat (some fatty acids)
• protein (some amino acids)
• vitamins
• minerals

Question 7

What are macronutrients??

Answer 7

• Needed in large quantities- grams
• energy yielding
• carbs, fat, protein
• caveats: alcohol, water

Question 8

What are micronutrients??

Answer 8

• Needed in small quantities- milligrams and micrograms
• not energy yielding
• vitamins and minerals

Question 9

Organic

Answer 9

Contains the element carbon

-ex. Carbs, lipids, protein and vitamins

Question 10

Inorganic

Answer 10

No carbon

- water and minerals

Question 11

Vitamins

Answer 11

• organic, micronutrients

- 13 vitamins: A, D, E, K, C, B (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folate, panthothenic acid and biotin)

Question 12

Vitamin C

Answer 12

Ascorbic acid

Question 13

Vitamin B2

Answer 13

Riboflavin

Question 14

Vitamin D

Answer 14

Cholecalciferol

Question 15

Examples of Fat soluble Vitamins

Answer 15

A, D, E, K

Question 16

Examples of Water soluble vitamins

Answer 16

B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin) and Vitamin C

Question 17

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 17

• stored in the body: do not need to consume daily ir weekly
• toxicitycan occur (likely with supplements)
• found in: largely in fat containing foods (veg oils, meat, dairy, nuts)

Question 18

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 18

• not largely stores (excepts B12), excess excreted in urine
• consume daily and weekly
• toxicity via food unlikley
• deficiency can result quickly, esp. In growing conditions

Question 19

Minerals

Answer 19

• Inorganic, micronutrients
• exist as elements already in the simplest chemical form
• not broken down during digestion or destroyed by heat/light
• Minor changes in atomic structure can occur, which can impact absorbability
• may exist as a compound: NaCl

Question 20

Maior minerals

Answer 20

• need >100 mg/d from diet and we need at least 5 g in the body
• CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, chloride, magnesium, sulfur

Question 21

Trace minerals

Answer 21

• need <5 g of each in the body

- IRON, ZINC, copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, selenium, iodine

Question 22

Non-nutrients of Interest

Answer 22

-phytochemicals: beneficial plant chemical thought to have health protective properties (cancer, heart disease, alzheimer’s disease, diabetes)

Question 23

What is energy??

Answer 23

-the capacity to do work
-energy in food measured by the unit kilocalorie (kcal) or Calorie (capital “C”)
• the amount of energy (heat) needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree celsius

-lower “cal” = 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 24

The energy content of macronutrients

Answer 24

• carb= 4 kcal/gram
• fat= 9 kcal/gram
• protein= 4 kcal/gram
• alcohol= 7 kcal/gram

Question 25

Cause of deaths that a good health can prevent

Answer 25

• heart disease
• cancer
• stroke
• diabetes mellitus