Lection 12 - Technological frames, IS implementation Flashcards
What is sense-making?
Source: Presentation group 22
Sense-making is when we try to make meaning of things or situations, which turned out to be different than what we expected, could be through communication, writing or reading.
It could be triggered by the question of “same or different”, there a different situation would initiate the sensemaking process.
What are the eight areas of sense-making, give short descriptions?
Source: Presentation group 22
1.Organise Flux
Sensemaking starts as a raw flow of events that happens to us in our everyday lives in the organizational setting. It starts when something stands out in a way that seems different to what we had expected it to be.
2.Notice and Bracket
Here we look further into the situation which stood out. We start noticing things in the event that may tells os a bit more about it.
In a doctor´s setting, it may be the symptoms of a sickness or potential sickness present in a patient.
3.Labels
We get confident enough to try and put the categories on the event to organize it in one of our mental boxes. This category often leads to action as we should be able to be guided by label. So a label should promote further action.
In a doctor’s setting, it could be a diagnose, ones the diagnose is set the doctor know what now to do next. So the diagnose promote the following action.
4.Retrospect
It is often hard to be sure what one experiences, before it have already happened. For instance an action are rarely a failure when it is made, but may become a failed in retrospect.
In the doctor setting, the doctor diagnosed the patient as having a cold, based on the symptoms of blocked nose, red eyes and sneezes, and prescribed some drugs to assist in the recovery. But it turned out the patient were allergic, so the action of prescribing the drugs, for a cold, were mistaken. From the view of the actors the action was not mistaken when made, it did not become mistaken until they realized the patient were allergic.
5.Presumption
Before we can start to communicate about what we are experiencing we need to make presumptions about it. In sense-making this can be done through assumptions and tests iteratively until the truth, or what is thought to be the truth at the time is found.
A doctor may make presumptions of an illness before he can start to test and reject or confirm a diagnosis for further treatment. The presumption may not hold but will never the less be a part of the sense-making process.
6.Social and systemic
Systems and social setting are likely to influence the process of sense-making. This can be that we engage in a setting where certain things are discussed more intensely than others or in the education of a subject where mental models and frameworks are created in our minds.
For instance will the doctor share information about cases to the social setting of the environment to better equip other when if they should find themselves in similar settings at one point. Some models are thought to the nurses to be better equipped at discovering symptoms in patients ect. There be giving the actors in this setting an opportunity to faster make meaning of the things they encounter.
7.Action
Based on the temporary meaning given to an event action is often taken. There is in sense-making iterations between action and communication. Can be a variety of things in sense-making. It is the decision to discuss an “odd” event with a colleague and it is to test an assumption.
In the doctor setting, action is taken when the doctor further investigates whether the patient have a cold and when he prescribes drugs then again when the patient comes in again and is checked for allergies.
Sometimes action is done thinkingly, could be the doctor acting thinkingly when diagnosing a patient “could this be a cold…. No, then the eyes would not be that red, and the symptoms not arise that quickly…. could this be a sign of allergies… well, yes it could”.
8.Communication:
Communication is a central aspect of Sense-making. Is the exchange of meanings and experiences through conversations. The communications may sometimes be facilitated if the people engaging are having some sort of common ground for instance can doctors communicate by talking in specialized terms and referring to common knowledge within medical circles. Another way to have common ground could be to have shared experiences then when transferring of meaning or knowledge could be eased by referring to the common experience.
Give a short description of the main elements in the modified enactment model?
Source: Presentation group 22
- Ecological change and the enactment is an iterative process of encountering a situation that do not make sense and the process of bracketing and noticing.
- The selection is the process of presuming a category or label to the situation.
- Retention the meaning is retained and can be related to similar experiences to fasten the process of “enacting”, “selecting” and “retaining” when encountering new similar situations or happenings.
Is Sense-making about finding the truth, elaborate?
Source: Presentation group 22
No, it is to a higher extent about finding plausible explanations to what we encounter, and continuously improve the our explanation of that, to make it more robust to criticism.
Describe Escalation theory?
Notes taken from Bjarne on presentation of group 21
Escalation is a precursor of failure and often a problem in projects. Escalation is a phenomenon where an organization persists pouring resources into a failing course of action.
How can actor network theory be used to analyze IT-implementation?
Source: notes taken from Bjarne on presentation group 21
Actor network theory and structural frames: They use actor network theory to read dynamics in the case, while the structuration theory is used??.
We put a lot of belief in systems, that’s why actor network theory is good tool to analyze this case. Can explain when we put human meaning into non-human actors(eg. systems)
What is a shared frame and give examples of these at DIS/PLAY?
A shared frame can take different forms:
1. an assemblage that ties individual frames together through common dimensions;
2. a composite formed by group members jointly constructing a common understanding through discussion
3. An average, which represents the intersection of frames held by individuals comprising the group
Frames are individually held an these share a frame if some core cognitive elements (assumptions, knowledge, and expectations) are similar
examples at DIS/PLAY: what we mentioned in Development context about culture, these shared frames between developers shaped the method-in-action (NOTE: this is my interpretation of the shared frames at DIS/PLAY!)
