Lect 6

Question 1

Somatic senses

Answer 1

Touch, temperature, pain, itch, proprioception

Question 2

Proprioception

Answer 2

Awareness of the body position

Question 3

Receptive field

Answer 3

Physical area where a stimuli activates a neuron

Question 4

What are the 4 groups of receptors

Answer 4

Chemoreceptors O2, pH
Mechanoreceptors : pressure, vibration
Thermoreceptors: temperature
Photoreceptors: light

Question 5

Why size determine sensitivity

Answer 5

Because sensitive areas have smaller receptive fields
Less sensitive areas have lathers receptive field

Question 6

What is sensory modality

Answer 6

Is that the sensory neuron is activated with its specific stimulus
Ex : you won’t have the stimuli of hearing in your hand

Question 7

What is the location of the stimulus

Answer 7

Which receptive fiel is activated

Question 8

What is lateral inhibition

Answer 8

Higher contrast between activated receptive field and their inactive neighbours

Question 9

What is population coding

Answer 9

Multiple neurons function together to send the CNS more Information that would be possible form a single receptor

Question 10

Intensity of the stimulus

Answer 10

Number of receptors activated and frequency coding
Higher intensity more neurotransmitter

Question 11

What is the duration of the stilamus l

Answer 11

Duration of action Potential

Question 12

Explain the receptors of the duration of the stilamus

Answer 12

Tonic receptors : slowing adapting receptors that fire rapidly when 1st activated then slow and maintain firing as long the stimulus is present

Physic receptor : rapidly adapting receptors that dire when 1st receive but cease of the stimulus is constant ex clothes

Question 13

What is the pathway of a pain and temperature receptor

Answer 13

Primary sensory neuron will come to the spinal cord where another neuron ( interneuron) will take place. The interneuron will do a cross over form the gray matter to the white matter and go to the thalamus where a third neuron will send a message to the somatosensory cortex

Question 14

What is the pathway of touch receptor

Answer 14

The first neuron will come until the spinal cord where an interneuron will go to the spinal cord to the thalamus and it will cross over in the medulla. A third neuron will go from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

Question 15

What is paricinian corpsuscles

Answer 15

Composed of nerve ending, found in the subcutaneous layers of skin and muscle

Question 16

What is merkel receptors

Answer 16

Greater in finger tips responsible for the high sensitivity

Question 17

Touch receptor is stimulated by

Answer 17

Stretch, pressure, vibration, texture, stroking movements

Question 18

Skin temperatures receptors

Answer 18

It’s the thermoréceptors that will be activated by it
Colder receptors : temperature bellow than the body temperature
Warm receptors : 37-45 is the warm receptors above 45 pain receptors are going to be activated

Question 19

What is a nociceptor made and what it will respond to

Answer 19

Nociceptor has free nerve ending and will Reponds to a strong noxious stimulus that may damage tissue

Question 20

Where nociceptors is found

Answer 20

Skin bones muscle but not CNS

Question 21

What is the 2 neurons that activates pain

Answer 21

2 types of sensory
A alpha and C fibers

Question 22

Explain explain how a pain is detected

Answer 22

So the first pain that you feel it’s detected by the A alpha fibers it is called the fast pain. This is an sharp and localized pain. The second pain that you feel is a slow pain a burning type of type this is of the C fibers

Question 23

True or false
Is itch a Type of nociceptors

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is an inflammatory pain

Answer 24

Increased sensitivity to pain at site of injury

Question 25

What cemucals mediate inflammatory responses

Answer 25

K+, histamine, prostaglandin, serotonin and substance p

Question 26

What are the 2 pathways that nociceptors activate

Answer 26

1) reflexive protective responses that are integrated at the level of the spinal cord
2) ascending pathways to the cerebral cortex that become conscious sensation

Question 27

Withdrawal reflex

Answer 27

Protective reflexive response to pain
Ex you accidentally touched a hit stove the withdraw reflex causes you to pull your hand even before you are aware of the heat

Question 28

Ischemia

Answer 28

Lack of adequate blood flow that reduced oxygen supply also occur in heart attach

Question 29

What is Referred pain.and give an example

Answer 29

Visceral pain is poorly recognized and may be felt in areas far removed from the site of of the stimulus
Ex pain of cardiac ischemia may be felt in the neck and down the left shoulder and arm

Question 30

What is chronic pain

Answer 30

Pathological pain reflects damage to or long terms changes to nervous system