Lect 2 nervous System Flashcards
Nervous system is separated in what categories
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Peripheral nervous system is separated in what
Sensory division ( send information to the CNS)
Efferent division ( receive info from CNS and send to target cells via efferent neurons)
Explain the step when you have a signal ( what happens)
Signal - sensory receptors - sensory neurons - central nervous system - efferent neurons ( 2 types )
Automatic and somatic neurons. Automatic neurons is the involuntary part you have the sympathetic and the or the parasympathetic. And the somatic neurons you will have a skeletal muscle mouvement
Sensory receptors
Vision , hearing , balance, smell , skin and visceral organ
What are the types of sensory receptors that you find on the skin and in the visceral organ
Skin ( mechanoreceptors ( touch) , thermorécepteurs ( temperature ) and nocireceptors pain)
Visceral organs ( nocicepors - activate inflammation and tissue damage)
What are the 2 functions of the spinal cord
1) transmit signal t the brain or from the brain
2) reflex : react quick don’t need the Brain
What is the enteric nervous system
Neurons on the digestive tract
Controlled by the autonomic nervous system but it is able to function autonomously
What is the neuron structure
Cell body
Dendrites
Axons
Collaterals ( axons divide several time into branches)
Axon terminals
Varicosities ( enlarged regions along the axon)
What is the neuron structures
Multipolar , pseudounipolar, bipolar , anaxonic neurons
Explains the neurons structure
Multipolar , pseudounipolar , bipolar, anaxonic neurons
Multipolar - many dendrites and branched axons
Pseudounipolar- neurons have the cell body locate off one side of a long axon
Bipolar - single axon and a single dentrite
Anaxonic neurons - have numerous dendrites and lacks of an axon
What are the functions of neuron
Sensory , efferent and interneuron ( complex branching processes that allow them to communicate with other neurons )
What is the difference between a tract and a nerve
Tract : collection of nerve fibres CNS
Nerve : collection of nerve fibres PNS
What is the difference between fast axons transport and slow axonal transport
Fast axonal transport goes to 400mm/day it can do anterograde and retrograde transport
Slow oxo slow transport flows at 0.2-2.5 mm/day
What is a synapse
Region where an axon terminal meet its target
What is the difference between chemical and electrical synapses which one is faster
Chemical synapse : release a chemical
Electrical synapse: electrical current it is faster than chemical
What is growth cone
Ancon extension that will find their target
What is neurotrophic factors
Proteins that make the froth of neuron and make the neuron alive
What is the function of a glial cell
Communicate with neuron and provide important biochemical and structural support
Give examples of glial cells
Schwann cells , oligodendrocyte , satellite cells , atrocités , microglia, ependymal cells
Explain the Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, and where are they found
They support and insulate axons ( makes myelin)
Schwann cells are found in PNS and oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS
Explain the satellite cells and where are they found
Supportive capsules around nerve cell bodies found in the PNS
Explain the role of astrocytes and where are they found
Found in CNS
Roles
1) take up and release chemical - neurotransmitter
2) help form blood brain barrier
3) provide substrates for ATO production
4) source of neural stem cells
Explain microglia and where are they found
Found in CNS and they make specialized immune cells
Explains ependymal cells
Source of neural stem cells , separated the fluid compartment of CNS
