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Final exam EXCI 254 > Lect. 14 - systemic circulation > Flashcards

Lect. 14 - systemic circulation Flashcards

1
Q

arteries that carry blood from the heart to other organs

A

conducting arteries

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2
Q

arteries that divide into medium-sized with high elastin component dampens the BP from heart contractions

A

distributing arteries

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3
Q

charact. of arterioles

A

smaller arteries
divisions of medium-sized arteries
divide into capillaries

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4
Q

function of arterioles

A

control the vasoconstriction/vasodilation

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5
Q

where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues
groups unite to form small veins called venules
large enough for 1 erythrocyte at a time

A

capillaries

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6
Q

merging of venules forming large blood vessels

carry blood from tissues back to the heart

A

veins

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7
Q

vaso vasorum other name

A

vasculature of vessels

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8
Q

function of vaso vasorum

A

located in the walls of larger blood vessels

supply oxygen and nutrients to those larger blood vessels

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9
Q

3 layers of the artery walls

A

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa

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10
Q

which layer is closest to the lumen

A

tunica interna

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11
Q

which layer is the thickest, highly elastic

A

tunica media

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12
Q

which layer is made of elastin and collagen fibers

A

tunica externa

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13
Q

tunica interna

A

smooth surface, prevents friction

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14
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle - vasoconstriction/vasodilation

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15
Q

tunica externa

A

protects vessels, anchors it to surrounding structures

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16
Q

roles of arterioles (2)

A

Play a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries

Change in diameter also affects blood pressure

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17
Q

“resistance vessels”

A

arterioles

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18
Q

“exchanging vessels”

A

capillaries

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19
Q

capillaries

A

extensive network in muscles, liver, kidneys and nervous system
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens and cartilage

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20
Q

t/f capillaries have a tunica externa and media

A

nope

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21
Q

1 metarteriole supplies ___ capillaries (capillary bed)

A

10-100

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22
Q

venules

A

union of several capillaries

collect blood from several capillaries and drain into the veins

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23
Q

t/f veinules have no tunica externa

A

true

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24
Q

t/f veins can withstand high pressures

A

false

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25
Q

t/f veins have tunica externa, interna, media

A

true

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26
Q

pumping of venous blood back to the heart is done through: (3)

A
  • pumping of the heart
  • contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs
  • valves found in the veins
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27
Q

charac. of venous valves

A

each valve has 2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart

28
Q

leaky venous valves results in ___

A

varicose veins (swollen veins)

29
Q

at rest

  • veins/venules
  • capillaries
  • arteries/arterioles
  • remaining 20%??
A

60% of BV
5% of BV
15% of BV

30
Q

systemic circulation includes (4)

A

cerebral circulation
portal system
all arteries branching from the aorta
all veins draining into the SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

31
Q

name the arteries of the head and neck (3 branches)

A

brachiocephalic
subclavian
common carotid

32
Q

2 branches from subclavian a.

A

vertebral artery

internal mammary - ant. intercostals

33
Q

2 branches from common carotid a.

A 
internal carotid (circle of willis, opthalmic)
external carotid
34
Q

7 divisions from external carotid from inf. to sup.

A 
sup. thyroid
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
35
Q

major source to deep skull, orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, dura mater

A

maxillary a.

36
Q

2 branches from maxillary a.

A

infraorbital

middle meningeal

37
Q

4 branches from superficial temporal a.

A

zygomatico-orbital
transverse facial
frontal
parietal

38
Q

thoracic aorta branches into (1)

A

posterior intercostal

39
Q

thoracic aorta continues until it passes through the diaphragm and becomes ___

A

abdominal aorta

40
Q

2 divisions of abdominal arteries

A

celiac trunk

superior mesenteric

41
Q

3 branches from celiac trunk

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

42
Q

what does the sup. mesenteric supplies in general

A

most of the intestines, head of pancreas

43
Q

what is supplied by these arteries:

  1. celiac trunk
  2. inferior phrenic
  3. suprarenal
  4. renal
A
  1. GI tract, spleen
  2. diaphragm
  3. suprarenal glands/adrenal
  4. kidneys
44
Q

what is supplied by these arteries:

  1. superior mesenteric
  2. testicular/ovarian
  3. inferior mesenteric
  4. common iliac
A
  1. GI tract
  2. gonads
  3. GI tract
  4. lower extremities (EI) and pelvis/perineum (II)
45
Q

supplies stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum

A

gastroduodenal

46
Q

supplies stomach and esophagus

A

gastric

47
Q

supplies liver, gallbladder, stomach

A

common hepatic

48
Q

supplies stomach, greater omentum

A

gastroepiploic (gastro-omental)

49
Q

drains neck and upper limb

drains intercostal and lumbar regions by a collection of veins

A

SVC

50
Q

collection of veins that drains the intercostal and lumbar region

A

azygos system

51
Q

no major veins draining the GI tract, gall bladder, and pancrease, they have their own ___

A

portal system

52
Q

liver is drained by ___ into the IVC

A

hepatic veins

53
Q

testicular/ovarian drain into the IVC on ___ side only, __ side drains into renal vein

A

right, left

54
Q

connects IVC and SVC as an alternative pathway

A

azygos system

55
Q

role of portal system (3)

A
  • detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver before going into the IVC
  • carries blood from one capillary network to another without going to the heart
  • rich in substances after a meal
56
Q

t/f pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood

A

false, even if it’s blue, carries deoxygenated blood from R ventricle to air sacs in the lungs

57
Q

t/f pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

A

true, even if its red

58
Q

4 things happening in the pulmonary circulation (CO2, O2, transport, ejection)

A
  • Co2 passes into alveoli (exhaled)
  • inhaled O2 from air to blood
  • pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the L atrium
  • blood is ejected into the systemic circulation
59
Q

t/f arteries are less elastic, have thinner walls and are larger in diameter

A

true

60
Q

peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle is __% of the peak systolic pressure in the L ventricle

A

20%

61
Q

pulmonary edema

A

reduces rate of diffusion of O2/CO2 this slows down the exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs

62
Q

t/f lungs, kidneys and GI tract function way before birth

A

false, they do not function until after birth

63
Q

fetal circulation occurs through the ____ with ___ and ____

A

placenta with foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

64
Q

after birth, the umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the _____

A

medial umbilical ligament

65
Q

after birth, umbilical vein becomes ___

A

ligamentum teres

66
Q

after birth, ductus venosum becomes ___

A

ligamentum venosum

67
Q

2 things form after birth

A

fossa ovalis

ligamentum arteriosum

Final exam EXCI 254 (10 decks)

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