Lect. 12 - CV system Flashcards
components of the CV system (3)
heart
blood
blood vessels
general functions of the CV system (3)
Transportation, regulation, protection
what is moved by transportation function (5)
oxygen carbon dioxide nutrients heat wastes
what is moved by regulation function (3)
pH
body T
water content of cells
what is moved by protection function (3)
clotting
phagocytosis
antibodies
avg volume of blood in males & females
5-6 L vs 4-5 L
WHOLE BLOOD = 55% ___ + 45% ____
plasma, formed elements
Composition of blood plasma
91,5% H2O
8,5% solutes (mostly plasma proteins + albumins, globulins, fibrinogen)
Blood plasma - roles of albumins (2)
transport fatty acids
help keep h2o from diffusing out of the blood
Blood plasma - role of globulins (1)
produced during certain immune responses, stimulated by foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses)
Blood plasma - role of fibrogen
essential for blood clotting
Formed elements (45% WB)
99% RBC vs 1 % WBC and platelets
Hemopoiesis
Hematocrit
what is hemopoiesis + other name
formation of blood cells
hematopoiesis
where does hemopoiesis occurs
in red bone marrow
yellow bone marrow produces in emergencies only
what is hematocrit
% of total blood volume occupied by RBC
hematocrit - normal range for females vs males
38-46% vs 40-54%
hematocrit - anemia vs polycythemia
anemia = significant decrease in hematocrit polycythemia = significant increase in hematocrit (increase viscosity)
possible causes of polycythemia (3)
tissue hypoxia, dehydration, blood doping
other name for RBCs
erythrocytes
RBCs contain oxygen-carrying protein called ___ (gives blood its red color)
hemoglobin
Anatomy of a RBC (4)
Biconcave disc
Strong and flexible plasma membrane
Contain glycolipids which act as antigens
Lack a nucleus and other organelles
4 functions of RBCs
- highly specialized for O2 transport (carry 20% of CO2)
- each contains about 280 million hemoglobin
- helps in BP regulation
- generate ATP anaerobically
2 parts of hemoglobin molecule
globin (protein)
4 heme
name of the process of production of RBC
erythropoiesis
where does erythropoiesis begins + maturation + life span
begin in red bone marrow
matures within 1-2 days
life span of RBC about 120 days
if erythorpoiesis < RBC destruction rate = ?
hypoxia
causes of hypoxia (3)
high altitude
anemia
circulatory problems
what stimulates the kidneys to increase the release of erythropoietin
hypoxia
other name for WBC
leukocytes
characteristics of WBC (3)
contain a nucleus
do not contain hemoglobin
granular vs agranular
composition of WBC (5)
neutrophils (60%) lymphocytes (20-45%) monocytes (4-8%) eosinophils (1-4%) basophils (0.5%)
name the three granular WBC (phagocytes)
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
role of neutrophils in WBC
consume/destroy bacteria
roles of eosinophils in WBC
role in ending allergic reactions/parasite infections
found along the digestive tube
role of basophils in WBC
release histamine in later stages of inflammation
name the two agranular WBC
lymphocytes
monocytes
role of lymphocytes in WBC
role in immunity, react to specific foreign molecule
roles of monocytes in WBC
transform into macrophage
migrate from blood to tissues
what is leukopenia + cause
abnormal low levels of WBC due to radiation, shock, chemotherapy
what is leukocytosis
increase in number of WBC
function of WBC (3)
combat pathogens entering the body
leave the bloodstream and enter the area of inflammation
increase in number when inflammation/injury occurs
other name for platelets
thrombocytes
