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Final exam EXCI 254 > Lect. 12 - CV system > Flashcards

Lect. 12 - CV system Flashcards

1
Q

components of the CV system (3)

A

heart
blood
blood vessels

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2
Q

general functions of the CV system (3)

A

Transportation, regulation, protection

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3
Q

what is moved by transportation function (5)

A 
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nutrients
heat
wastes
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4
Q

what is moved by regulation function (3)

A

pH
body T
water content of cells

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5
Q

what is moved by protection function (3)

A

clotting
phagocytosis
antibodies

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6
Q

avg volume of blood in males & females

A

5-6 L vs 4-5 L

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7
Q

WHOLE BLOOD = 55% ___ + 45% ____

A

plasma, formed elements

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8
Q

Composition of blood plasma

A

91,5% H2O

8,5% solutes (mostly plasma proteins + albumins, globulins, fibrinogen)

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9
Q

Blood plasma - roles of albumins (2)

A

transport fatty acids

help keep h2o from diffusing out of the blood

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10
Q

Blood plasma - role of globulins (1)

A

produced during certain immune responses, stimulated by foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses)

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11
Q

Blood plasma - role of fibrogen

A

essential for blood clotting

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12
Q

Formed elements (45% WB)

A

99% RBC vs 1 % WBC and platelets
Hemopoiesis
Hematocrit

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13
Q

what is hemopoiesis + other name

A

formation of blood cells

hematopoiesis

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14
Q

where does hemopoiesis occurs

A

in red bone marrow

yellow bone marrow produces in emergencies only

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15
Q

what is hematocrit

A

% of total blood volume occupied by RBC

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16
Q

hematocrit - normal range for females vs males

A

38-46% vs 40-54%

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17
Q

hematocrit - anemia vs polycythemia

A 
anemia = significant decrease in hematocrit
polycythemia = significant increase in hematocrit (increase viscosity)
18
Q

possible causes of polycythemia (3)

A

tissue hypoxia, dehydration, blood doping

19
Q

other name for RBCs

A

erythrocytes

20
Q

RBCs contain oxygen-carrying protein called ___ (gives blood its red color)

A

hemoglobin

21
Q

Anatomy of a RBC (4)

A

Biconcave disc
Strong and flexible plasma membrane
Contain glycolipids which act as antigens
Lack a nucleus and other organelles

22
Q

4 functions of RBCs

A
  1. highly specialized for O2 transport (carry 20% of CO2)
  2. each contains about 280 million hemoglobin
  3. helps in BP regulation
  4. generate ATP anaerobically
23
Q

2 parts of hemoglobin molecule

A

globin (protein)

4 heme

24
Q

name of the process of production of RBC

A

erythropoiesis

25
Q

where does erythropoiesis begins + maturation + life span

A

begin in red bone marrow
matures within 1-2 days
life span of RBC about 120 days

26
Q

if erythorpoiesis < RBC destruction rate = ?

A

hypoxia

27
Q

causes of hypoxia (3)

A

high altitude
anemia
circulatory problems

28
Q

what stimulates the kidneys to increase the release of erythropoietin

A

hypoxia

29
Q

other name for WBC

A

leukocytes

30
Q

characteristics of WBC (3)

A

contain a nucleus
do not contain hemoglobin
granular vs agranular

31
Q

composition of WBC (5)

A 
neutrophils (60%)
lymphocytes (20-45%)
monocytes (4-8%)
eosinophils (1-4%)
basophils (0.5%)
32
Q

name the three granular WBC (phagocytes)

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

33
Q

role of neutrophils in WBC

A

consume/destroy bacteria

34
Q

roles of eosinophils in WBC

A

role in ending allergic reactions/parasite infections

found along the digestive tube

35
Q

role of basophils in WBC

A

release histamine in later stages of inflammation

36
Q

name the two agranular WBC

A

lymphocytes

monocytes

37
Q

role of lymphocytes in WBC

A

role in immunity, react to specific foreign molecule

38
Q

roles of monocytes in WBC

A

transform into macrophage

migrate from blood to tissues

39
Q

what is leukopenia + cause

A

abnormal low levels of WBC due to radiation, shock, chemotherapy

40
Q

what is leukocytosis

A

increase in number of WBC

41
Q

function of WBC (3)

A

combat pathogens entering the body
leave the bloodstream and enter the area of inflammation
increase in number when inflammation/injury occurs

42
Q

other name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

Final exam EXCI 254 (10 decks)

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