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[LEC] Mycobacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

M. tuberculosis is killed by?

A
  • Moist heat
  • 10-minute boiling
  • Pasteurization
  • Autoclaving
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2
Q

AKA “Koch’s bacilli”/“Tubercle bacilli”

A

M. tuberculosis

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3
Q

Reservoir of M. tuberculosis?

A

Humans

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4
Q

MOT of M. tuberculosis?

A

Aerosols (inhalation/ingestion)

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5
Q

Doubling/Generation time of M. tuberculosis?

A

20-22 hours

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6
Q

Chronic granulomatous infection is associated to what Mycobacteria spp. ?

A

M. tuberculosis

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7
Q

T/F: Homeless are part of the risk group population for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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8
Q

T/F: HIV patients are part of the risk group population for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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9
Q

T/F: Drug/alcohol abusers are part of the risk group population for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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10
Q

What are the first-line drugs for M. tuberculosis?

A

RIPES

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

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11
Q

What are the second-line drugs for M. tuberculosis? (MDR-TB)

A

Amikacin
Kanamycin
Capreomycin

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12
Q

What are the third-line drugs for M. tuberculosis?

A

Rifabutin
Macrolides
Linezolid

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13
Q

T/F: close contact with patients with MDR-TB could cause resistance to treatment/drugs for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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14
Q

What is the typical duration of treatment following the administration of the BCG vaccine for M. tuberculosis?

A) 3-5 months
B) 6-9 months
C) 12-15 months
D) 18-24 months

A

B) 6-9 months

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15
Q

TB Found in cattle, other ruminants, dogs, cats, swine, parrots & humans

What mycobacteria spp is this?

A

M. bovis

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A) They differ significantly in pathogenicity and treatment approaches.

B) M. bovis is less pathogenic and requires a shorter treatment duration than M. tuberculosis.

C) The pathogenicity and treatment of M. bovis are similar to those of M. tuberculosis.

D) M. tuberculosis is primarily zoonotic, while M. bovis primarily affects humans.

A

C) The pathogenicity and treatment of M. bovis are similar to those of M. tuberculosis.

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17
Q

What are the species under M. avium complex?

A

M. avium
M. intracellulare
M. avium paratuberculosis

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18
Q

Reservoir of M. avium complex?

A

natural water

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19
Q

Portal of entry of M. avium?

A

Respiratory & GIT

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of pulmonary infections in humans that is similar to tuberculosis?

A

M. avium complex

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21
Q

Most common systemic infection in AIDS patients?

A

M. avium complex

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22
Q

M. avium complex

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

slow grower

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23
Q

Which of the following best describes the typical presentation of a slowly progressive cavitary disease in M. avium complex?

A) It primarily affects young adults with no history of smoking.

B) It is most common in middle-aged men with a history of smoking and underlying pulmonary disease.

C) It progresses rapidly in individuals without any history of pulmonary disease.

D) It affects only non-smokers with a history of cardiovascular disease.

A

B) It is most common in middle-aged men with a history of smoking and underlying pulmonary disease.

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24
Q

Causative agent of Johne’s disease

A

M. avium paratuberculosis

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25
Q

Crohn’s disease is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. avium paratuberculosis

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26
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections?

A) Single-drug therapy with clarithromycin

B) Multidrug therapy with clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin

C) Single-drug therapy with rifampin

D) Multidrug therapy with isoniazid and pyrazinamide

A

B) Multidrug therapy with clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin

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27
Q

M. kansasii

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

Slow grower

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28
Q

“Yellow bacillus” is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. kansasii

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29
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding Mycobacterium kansasii infections?

A) M. kansasii is highly contagious and spreads easily from person to person.

B) M. kansasii infections primarily spread through direct contact with infected individuals.

C) M. kansasii is not considered contagious from person to person.

D) M. kansasii infections require isolation precautions similar to tuberculosis.

A

C.

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30
Q

Second most common cause of NTM lung disease is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. kansasii

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31
Q

it is associated with chronic pulmonary disease

A

M. kansasii

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32
Q

Diseases of fish.

This is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. marinum

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33
Q

M. marinum is isolated in _____ ________?

A

fish aquariums

34
Q

Reservoir of M. marinum?

A

Freshwater & saltwater

35
Q

MOT of M. marinum?

A

Skin contact with water containing M. marinum

36
Q

“Swimming pool granuloma”

a. M.xenopi
b. M. genavense
c. M. tuberculosis
d. M. marinum

A

d. M. marinum

37
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature of Mycobacterium marinum infection?

A) Painful, greenish subcutaneous nodules

B) Widespread rash with no nodules

C) Tender, red or blue-red subcutaneous nodules

D) Hard, black subcutaneous nodules

A

C) Tender, red or blue-red subcutaneous nodules

38
Q

T/F: Is surgery/surgical excision a potential treatment option for Mycobacterium marinum infections?

39
Q

T/F: anti-tb drug therapy is also a treatment for M. marinum

40
Q

T/F: for M. scrofulaceum, anti-tb drugs are generally necessary

A

F.
Not generally necessary

41
Q

For M. marinum, they are RESISTANT to what R.I.P.E drug?

A

Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
(IP)

42
Q

For M. marinum, they are SUSCEPTIBLE to what R.I.P.E drug?

A

Rifampin
Ethambutol
(RE)

43
Q

Third most common Mycobacteria spp is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. ulcerans

44
Q

“Buruli ulcer” is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. ulcerans

45
Q

“Tap water bacillus” is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. gordonae/M. aquae

46
Q

Common contaminant in patients rinsing
mouths with aerosolized saline in sputum
collection

A

M. gordonae/M. aquae

47
Q

One of most common NTM in Canada &
SE England is associated with what mycobacteria?

48
Q

M. xenopi is first isolated from _______ ______?

A

African Toad

49
Q

T/F: M. xenopi is recovered from hot & cold water taps

50
Q

T/F: M. xenopi is recovered from water storage tanks of hospitals and birds

51
Q

Which of the following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of Mycobacterium xenopi infections?

A) Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin)
B) Vancomycin
C) Erythromycin
D) Cefuroxime
E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

52
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Mycobacterium xenopi infections?

A) M. xenopi is most commonly associated with pulmonary infections in adults who have predisposing conditions, such as COPD.

B) M. xenopi primarily causes infections in healthy individuals with no predisposing conditions.

C) M. xenopi infections are exclusively found in children.

D) M. xenopi infections do not affect the respiratory system.

A

A) M. xenopi is most commonly associated with pulmonary infections in adults who have predisposing conditions, such as COPD.

53
Q

T/F: M. genavense is a fastidious organism

54
Q

M. marinum

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

slow grower

55
Q

M. ulcerans

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

slow grower

56
Q

M. gordonae/M. aquae

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

slow grower

57
Q

M. xenopi

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

slow grower

58
Q

T/F: M. genavense Causes disseminated infections (in patients with AIDS)

59
Q

Which of the following is TRUEregarding Mycobacterium genavense infections?

A) M. genavense primarily causes respiratory infections in healthy individuals.

B) The primary infection caused by M. genavense is tuberculosis.

C) M. genavense infections are commonly found in healthy children.

D) It is known to cause enteritis and genital and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised individuals.

A

D) It is known to cause enteritis and genital and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised individuals.

60
Q
  • Submandibular lymphadenitis
  • Subcutaneous nodules
  • Ulcers progressing to abscesses

These are clinical infections associated with M. genavense

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE.
these are associate with M. haemophilus

61
Q

Cervical lymphadenitis (in children) is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. scrofulaceum

62
Q

Patients infected with M. scrofulaceum are usually treated by surgical incision and drainage

TRUE or FALSE

63
Q

Isolated from lymph nodes of monkeys

What mycobacteria is this?

64
Q
  • Pulmonary disease
  • Lymphadenitis
  • Skin lesions
  • Associated with HIV(+) patients

These are clinical infections associated with M. simiae

TRUE or FALSE

65
Q

M. simiae is SUSCEPTIBLE to most anti-tb drugs

TRUE or FALSE ?

A

FALSE.

M. simiae is RESISTANT to most anti-tb drugs

66
Q
  • Pulmonary disease similar to TB
  • Extrapulmonary infections
  • Lymphadenitis
  • Bursitis

These are clinical infections associated with M. szulgai

TRUE or FALSE

67
Q

Almost always considered clinically significant (rarely recovered from environment)

What is this mycobacteria?

A

M. szulgai

68
Q

Reservoir of M. abscessus abscessus?

69
Q
  • Chronic lung disease
  • Otitis media

These are clinical infections associated with M. abscessus abscessus?

TRUE or FALSE?

70
Q

M. abscessus abscessus?

Slow grower or Fast grower?

A

Fast grower

71
Q

M. szulgai

Slow grower or Fast grower?

A

slow grower

72
Q

M. haemophilum

Slow grower or Fast grower?

A

Slow grower

73
Q

M. chelonae

Slow grower or Fast grower?

A

Fast grower

74
Q

Odd man out, which one is a slow-growing mycobacteria?

A) M. chelonae
B) M. smegmatis
C) M. fortuitum
D) M. asiaticum

A

D) Mycobacterium asiaticum

75
Q

Isolated from disseminated cutaneous
infections (in immunocompromised
patients)

this is associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. chelonae

76
Q

Infections of: skin, lungs, bone, CNS,
prosthetic heart valves

these clinical infections are associated with what mycobacteria?

A

M. chelonae

77
Q

T/F: M. fortuitum is sometimes susceptible to Amikacin and Sulfonamide

78
Q

T/F: M. chelonae exhibits more resistance to antimicrobial agents compare with M. fortuitum

79
Q

M. fortuitum group is/are isolated from the following:

a.) water
b.) soil
c.) dust
d.) all of the above

A

d.) all of the above

80
Q

Rare causes of pulmonary, skin, soft- tissue & bone infections

This associated disease with what mycobacteria?

A

M. smegmatis group

81
Q

T/F: M. smegmatis group is commonly considered saprophytic

82
Q

T/F: M. leprae is a obligate extracellular parasite

A

F.

obligate INTRACELLULAR parasite

MT6320 (8 decks)

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