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Chem LEC > LEC MOD 6 > Flashcards

LEC MOD 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

A compound that containing an -OH bonded to a tetrahedral carbon

  • an alkyl derivative of H2O
  • hydroxyl derivative of alkanes
A

Alcohol

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2
Q

Features of a tetrahedral carbon:

A

-4 attachments
-Angle 109.5 degress
-

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3
Q

are negatively charge ions found in alkaline

A

Hydroxide ions

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4
Q

alcohol structural characteristics:

A 
2 atoms,
 2 lone pair of electrons, 
bent structure;
 104.5b degrees- 
capable of intermolecular bonding- due to hydrogen bonding
-higher boiling point
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5
Q

Alcohol physical characteristics:

A

polar and nonpolar components;
alkyl=R=NP
Hydroxyl=OH=P

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6
Q

relationship of carbon chain with boiling point

A

Directly proportional

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7
Q

Solubility of Alcohol

A

Like Dissolves Like

  • soluble in organic solvents
  • depend on C number and length of NP chain and amount of OH
  • C number = Solubility- inversely
  • OH= Solubility- directly
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8
Q

Solubilityi based on stoker and smith

A

Stoker less than 3- soluble
Smith less than 6- soluble
As long as OH are not overpowered by C atoms

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9
Q

Acidity of alcohol and phenols

A

Weak Acids

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10
Q

Classification of Alcohols

A

classified by number of C atoms bonded to C and OH

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11
Q

Classification of Alcohols

A

classified by number of C atoms bonded to C and OH

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12
Q

General formula of primary alcohol

A

RCH2OH

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13
Q

General formula of Secondary alcohol

A

R2CHOH

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14
Q

General formula of tertiary alcohol

A

R3COH

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15
Q

slowing of chemical reaction due to different stearic bond.

A

Stearic Hindrance

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16
Q

Rules in nomenclature for common name:

A
  • determine number of carbon atoms
  • determine placement ofnumbering where OH is connected
  • name carbon chain,
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17
Q

Nomenclature: term to add if there is something that is attached in the second carbon

A

ISO

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18
Q

Nomenclature: term to use when hydroxyl is connected to the second carbon atom in a butyl

A

SEC

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19
Q

Nomenclature: Term to use when hydroxyl is connected to second carbon atom in a tetrahydryl structure

A

TER

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20
Q

IUPAC NAMING SYTEM RULE:

A

SUFFIX: -ol
Rule 1: Identify parent chain which OH is attached
Rule 2: OH is the priority in numbering
Rule 3: Name and locate any other substituents present

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21
Q

compound containing more than 1 hydroxyl groups

A

Polyhydroxy alcohols

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22
Q

Nomenclature: suffixes for polyhydroxy alcohols (IUPAC)

A
  • diol- 2 OH

- triol- 3 OH

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23
Q

RULES for naming polyhydroxy alcohols:

A

determine number of C atoms

  • determine number of OH atoms
  • add “e” before suffix
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24
Q

Nomenclature: suffixes for polyhydroxy alcohols (Common name)

A

Glycol - 2 OH

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25
Q

elimination of a molecule of water from adjacent carbon atoms gives an alkene as a product

A

Dehydration

26
Q

most difficult to dehydrate and requires temperature as high as 180 degrees

A

primary alcohols

27
Q

Undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at lower temp

A

Secondary alcohols

28
Q

undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at temperatures slightly above room temp (20-24 degrees)

A

Tertiary alcohol

29
Q

Dehydration is what kind of reaction?

A

Elimination reaction

30
Q

rule that states that then major product in elimination is the alkene that has more alkyl groups bonded to it

A

Zaitsev rule

31
Q

Alcohol to alkene is also a reversible chemical reaction according to what principle?

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle

32
Q

a principle that establishes equilibrium in an event that certain stressors that are applied into the reaction are relieved

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle

32
Q

a principle that establishes equilibrium in an event that certain stressors that are applied into the reaction are relieved

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle

33
Q

stressors require for the conversion of alcohol to alkene:

A

Temp

Strong Acid

34
Q

Combining of 2 molecules to form a larger molecule while liberating a small portion, usually in a form of water; 2 ROH - form water and ether

A

Condensation

35
Q

Operational rules in oxidation and reduction of alcohols

A 
Reduction= decrease C-O bonds and increase C-H bonds 
Oxidation= increase C-O bonds and decrease C-H bonds
36
Q

replacement of C-H bonds with C-O bonds

A

Oxidation of alcohols

37
Q

product of oxidation of alcohol

A

Carbonyl group- C=OH

38
Q

oxidation of alcohols by classification

A

primary and secondary = readily oxidation

tertiary = resist oxidation

39
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohol

A

ROH-R-CHO(aldehyde- RCOOH (Carboxylic acid)

40
Q

oxidation of secondary alcohol

A

oxidized to ketones replacng 1C-H with 1C-O

41
Q

Oxidation tertiary alcohol

A

prone to dehydation because ofacd-catalyst

42
Q

oxygen leads production heat and light

A

Combustion

43
Q

single product is obtained from which the halogen atom found only where the hydroxyl group is originally located

A

Halogenation

44
Q

organic molecules containing a halogen atom.

A

Alkyl halides

45
Q

IUPAC name of phenol

A

Benzenol

46
Q

Commong or preffered name of phenol

A

Phenol

47
Q

Old name of phenol

A

Carbolic Acid

48
Q

Nomenclature for phenols

A

When substituents are added, the carbon with OH attached to it is considered to be numbered as 1; 1 is omitted from the name IUPAC

49
Q

instead of numbers these are use instead for determining the placement of the substituent in the benzene ring

A

ortho, meta, para
o-1
m-2
p-3

50
Q

phenol with OH

A

Hydroxyphenols

51
Q

Nomenclature for hydroxyphenols

A

1,2 OH Catechol
1,3 OH Resorcinol
1,4 OH Hydroquinone

52
Q

methylphenol are also called

A

cresols

53
Q

rules for two or more substituents in phenol

A
  1. number to give the lowest possible numbers around the ring
  2. Alphabetize the substituent names
54
Q

properties of phenol

A 
Medicinal odor
slightly  soluble to water
flammabale
can't be dehydrated
oxidized by strong oxidizers
Halogenation (weak acids)
55
Q

the weak acidity of phenols is due to?

A

the stability of phenoxide ion compared with an alkoxide ion

56
Q

pKa and pH of phenol and Alcohol

A

Phenol-10
Alcohol- 16-18

pH phenol- 5-5
pH Alcohol- neutral

57
Q

how many times does an oxygen atom in alcohol participate in single and double covalent bonda?

A

2-single

1-double

58
Q

dehydration that produces alkene and water

A

Intramolecular dehydration

59
Q

dehydration that produces ehter and water

A

Intermolecular dehydration

60
Q

Temp required for producing alkene in dehydration

A

180

61
Q

Temp required for producing ether in dehydration

A

140

Chem LEC (8 decks)

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