LEC MOD 1 Flashcards
anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
Classifications of matter:
Pure Substances
Mixtures
A classification of matter that cannot be further purified and has a fixed composition.
Pure substancces
a classification of matter that are combination of two or more pure substances
Mixtures
Two types of Pure substances:
Elements
Compounds
type of pure substances that cannot be subdivided by chemical or physicla means but can be chemically combined
Elements
type of pure substance that are simply elements in fixed ratio; composed of two or more elements
Compounds
Types of mixtures:
Homogenous- uniform composition
Heterogenous- nonuniform composition
How many known elements are currently on IUPAC PTE?
118
90 occur naturally
he arranged known elements in order of increasing atomic weight;
Dmitri mendeleev
names of elements are derived from:
individuals in atomic sci
geographic loc
planets
mythological sources
Elements often encountered by MTs:
Sodium Na Potassium K Calcium Ca Phosphorus P Iodine I Iron Fe
regulates the electrical balance in body fluids
Sodium Na
- essential for nerve conduction
- regulated electrical balance in body fluids
Potassium K
- strengthens bones and teeth
- essential in blood clotting
Calcium Ca
- present in nucleic acids DNA RNA
- energy storage and transfer
Phosphorus P
-stimulates the production of thyroid hormones
Iodine I
essential in some proteins (hemoglobin, myoglobin)
Iron Fe
Classification of Elements:
Metals
Non metals
Metalloids
A classification of elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity; solid at room temp except for mercury Hg
Metals
a classification of elements that are poor conductors of heat and have varying states at room temp
Non metals
examples of NM at solid state in room temp
Sulfur
Carbon
example of NM that is liquid state in room temp
Bromine
examples of non metals in gas state in room temp
Nitrogen
Oxygen
a classification of elements that possesses both M and NM proerties
Metalloids
Enumerate Metalloids:
Boron Arsenic tellurium Astatine Germanium Antimony Silicon
a dense core that contains protons and neutrons
Nucleus
Mass g of subatomic particles:
proton-1.673x10^-24
Neutron- 1.675x10^-24
Electron- 9.109x10^-28
mass amu of subatomic particles
proton- 1.0073 amu
neutron- 1.0087 amu
electron- none
standard value of AMU:
1.661x10^-24 g
equal to number of protons and electrons
Atomic Number Z
equal to sum of protons and neutrons
atomic mass/Mass number A
atoms of the same element having a diff number of neutrons
Isotopes
3 isotopes of hydrogen:
protium 0
deuterium 1
tritium 2
weighted average of naturally occuring isotopes (amu)
atomic weight
arrangement of electrons in electron cloud or extranuclear space/region
Electron Configuration
regions of space within an electron shell that contains electrons
Electron Subshell
electron subshells ans characteristics:
s- spherical
p- dumbell
d-four lobes
f- eight lobes
regions of space within an electron subshell
Electron orbitals
electrons placed in the outermost shell of the element
Valence Electrons
Atomic Size in periodic trend:
size of an atom increases down a column, as the VE is farther from the nucleus
size of an atom decreases across a row, as the number of protons in nucleus increases
energy needed to remove an electron from neutral atom
Ionization energy
Ionization energy rule:
IE decreases down a column, as VE gets farther from nucleus
IE increases across a row, as protons in nucleus increases
