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BIOCHEMISTRY > [LEC] CHAPTER 18: HANDOUT > Flashcards

[LEC] CHAPTER 18: HANDOUT Flashcards

1
Q

High carbohydrate meal need

A

metabolize

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2
Q

High carbohydrate mean excess

A

Cannot metabolize agad

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3
Q

can be found in liver and muscle

A

Glycogen

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4
Q

ability to store and deliver energy quickly and for the longest amount of time.

A

Glycogen

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5
Q

key to this optimization is the average chain length of the brances (13 residues).

A

Glycogen

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6
Q

The more branch ???

A

The more gluces will be released

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7
Q

making of something

A

Genesis

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8
Q

making of glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

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9
Q

if glucose is in excess, it is stored as ______

A

glycogen

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10
Q

Glucose-6-Phosphate will not proceed to ________

A

glycolysis

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11
Q

Glucose-6-Phosphate is converted into

A

Glucose-1-Phosphate

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12
Q

Glucose-6-Phosphate is converted into Glucose-1-Phosphate.
What enzyme?

A

Phosphoglucomutase

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13
Q

serves as energy for glycogen synthesis

A

UTP, Uridine Triphosphate

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14
Q

Unique molecule for glycogenesis

A

UTP, Uridine Triphosphate

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15
Q

Glucose in the form of glycogen, ________; it is stored in the liver.

A

(Glycogen)n+1

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16
Q

Glucose-6-Phopshate will undergo ________

A

Glycolysis

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17
Q

Glucose-6-Phopshate will be converted into _________
enzyme: phosphoglucomutase

A

Glucose-1-Phosphate

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18
Q

UTP will enter and be ___________ into _______ (stage 1).

A

Hydrolyzed
UDP, Uridine Diphosphate (Stage 1)

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19
Q

UDP connects to Glucose-1-Phosphate =

A

UDP-Glucose (Stage 2)

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20
Q

UDP will leave glucose and BIND with__________

A

(Glycogen)n

21
Q

Glucose + Glycogen(n) =

A

(Glycogen)n+1

22
Q

it is the most umportant accessory of glucose

A

UDP, Uridine Diphopshate

23
Q
  • Most Important Enzyme
  • catalyzes the transfer of glucose monomers from UDP-glucose to the growing glycogen chain.
A

Glycogen Synthase

24
Q

_________ will stay as is otherwise if we didnt eat, the body will use it.

A

(Glycogen)n+1

25
Q

Stage 1 of Glycogenesis

A

Hydrolysis of UTP

26
Q

Stage 2 of Glycogenesis

A

Addition of UPDG to the growing chain of glycogen

27
Q
  • Involves in the formation of a new a (1-4) glycosidic bond
A

Glycogen Synthase

28
Q
  • Acts as a primer
  • After pilymerizing first 4 molecules, other enzymes will take over.
A

Glycogenin

29
Q

Catalyzes the reactions needed to indrouce a branch point during synthesis of glycogen

A

Glycogen Branching Eznyme

30
Q

Transfers a segment (__________) from the end of a growing chain to the branch point where it catalyzes the formation of the required _______ glycosidic linkage.

A

Glycogen Branching Eznyme
7 residues long
a (1—>6)

31
Q

Glycogen Synthase

A

a (1——–>4)

32
Q

Branching enzyme

A

a(1———>6)

33
Q

in the liver turn into glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

34
Q

breaking of something

A

lysis

35
Q

what stimulates glycogenolysis in liver cells

A

low glucose levels

36
Q

The glucose 6-phopshate that is produced directly enters _______

A

Glycolysis

37
Q
  • Only found in the liver
  • Not available in muscle or brain cells
A

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

38
Q

Muscle and brain cells have to wait for the liver to create __________ through bloodstream

A

Glucose

39
Q

The glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate that is produced must be converted to free glucose first before it can enter the _______
- as it cannot cross cell membrane

A

bloodstream

40
Q

Muscles and brain cells lack ____________
- they cannot form free glucose from G6P
- Muscle and brain cells use G6P from _____ for energy production only.

A
  • Glucose-6-Phosphatase
  • Glycogen
41
Q

Each gblucose residue cleaved from glycogen reacts with phopshate to give ___________

A

glucose-1-phosphate

42
Q

Cleavage reaction is one of _________ rather than hydrolysis

A

Phosphorolysis

43
Q

Each gblucose residue cleaved from glycogen reacts with phopshate to give glucose-1-phosphate.

Cleavage reaction is one of Phosphorolysis rather than hydrolysis.
Enzyme:

A

Glycogen Phosphorylase

44
Q
  • Degration of a (1—–>4)
  • Cleaves the a(1—->4) linkages in glycogen
A

Glycogen Phosphorylase

45
Q

Glucose-1-Phosphate isomerizes to give Glucose-6-Phosphate

A

Phosphoglucomutase

46
Q

Complete breakdown requires debranching enzymes that degrade a(1—>6) linkages.

A

Phosphoglucomutase

47
Q

Transfers a limit brach of three glucose residue to the end of another branch, where they are removed by glycogen phosphorylase

A

Debranching Eznyme

48
Q

Debranching enzyme will hydrolyze the 1 remained _____ into glucose

A

a(1——->6)

49
Q
A

BIOCHEMISTRY (7 decks)

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