[LEC] CHAPTER 18: HANDOUT

Question 1

High carbohydrate meal need

Answer 1

metabolize

Question 2

High carbohydrate mean excess

Answer 2

Cannot metabolize agad

Question 3

can be found in liver and muscle

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

ability to store and deliver energy quickly and for the longest amount of time.

Answer 4

Glycogen

Question 5

key to this optimization is the average chain length of the brances (13 residues).

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

The more branch ???

Answer 6

The more gluces will be released

Question 7

making of something

Answer 7

Genesis

Question 8

making of glycogen

Answer 8

Glycogenesis

Question 9

if glucose is in excess, it is stored as ______

Answer 9

glycogen

Question 10

Glucose-6-Phosphate will not proceed to ________

Answer 10

glycolysis

Question 11

Glucose-6-Phosphate is converted into

Answer 11

Glucose-1-Phosphate

Question 12

Glucose-6-Phosphate is converted into Glucose-1-Phosphate.
What enzyme?

Answer 12

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 13

serves as energy for glycogen synthesis

Answer 13

UTP, Uridine Triphosphate

Question 14

Unique molecule for glycogenesis

Answer 14

UTP, Uridine Triphosphate

Question 15

Glucose in the form of glycogen, ________; it is stored in the liver.

Answer 15

(Glycogen)n+1

Question 16

Glucose-6-Phopshate will undergo ________

Answer 16

Glycolysis

Question 17

Glucose-6-Phopshate will be converted into _________
enzyme: phosphoglucomutase

Answer 17

Glucose-1-Phosphate

Question 18

UTP will enter and be ___________ into _______ (stage 1).

Answer 18

Hydrolyzed
UDP, Uridine Diphosphate (Stage 1)

Question 19

UDP connects to Glucose-1-Phosphate =

Answer 19

UDP-Glucose (Stage 2)

Question 20

UDP will leave glucose and BIND with__________

Answer 20

(Glycogen)n

Question 21

Glucose + Glycogen(n) =

Answer 21

(Glycogen)n+1

Question 22

it is the most umportant accessory of glucose

Answer 22

UDP, Uridine Diphopshate

Question 23

• Most Important Enzyme
• catalyzes the transfer of glucose monomers from UDP-glucose to the growing glycogen chain.

Answer 23

Glycogen Synthase

Question 24

_________ will stay as is otherwise if we didnt eat, the body will use it.

Answer 24

(Glycogen)n+1

Question 25

Stage 1 of Glycogenesis

Answer 25

Hydrolysis of UTP

Question 26

Stage 2 of Glycogenesis

Answer 26

Addition of UPDG to the growing chain of glycogen

Question 27

- Involves in the formation of a new a (1-4) glycosidic bond

Answer 27

Glycogen Synthase

Question 28

- Acts as a primer - After pilymerizing first 4 molecules, other enzymes will take over.

Answer 28

Glycogenin

Question 29

Catalyzes the reactions needed to indrouce a branch point during synthesis of glycogen

Answer 29

Glycogen Branching Eznyme

Question 30

Transfers a segment (__________) from the end of a growing chain to the branch point where it catalyzes the formation of the required _______ glycosidic linkage.

Answer 30

Glycogen Branching Eznyme 7 residues long a (1--->6)

Question 31

Glycogen Synthase

Answer 31

a (1-------->4)

Question 32

Branching enzyme

Answer 32

a(1--------->6)

Question 33

in the liver turn into glucose

Answer 33

Glycogenolysis

Question 34

breaking of something

Answer 34

lysis

Question 35

what stimulates glycogenolysis in liver cells

Answer 35

low glucose levels

Question 36

The glucose 6-phopshate that is produced directly enters _______

Answer 36

Glycolysis

Question 37

- Only found in the liver - Not available in muscle or brain cells

Answer 37

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Question 38

Muscle and brain cells have to wait for the liver to create __________ through bloodstream

Answer 38

Glucose

Question 39

The glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate that is produced must be converted to free glucose first before it can enter the _______ - as it cannot cross cell membrane

Answer 39

bloodstream

Question 40

Muscles and brain cells lack ____________ - they cannot form free glucose from G6P - Muscle and brain cells use G6P from _____ for energy production only.

Answer 40

- Glucose-6-Phosphatase - Glycogen

Question 41

Each gblucose residue cleaved from glycogen reacts with phopshate to give ___________

Answer 41

glucose-1-phosphate

Question 42

Cleavage reaction is one of _________ rather than hydrolysis

Answer 42

Phosphorolysis

Question 43

Each gblucose residue cleaved from glycogen reacts with phopshate to give glucose-1-phosphate. Cleavage reaction is one of Phosphorolysis rather than hydrolysis. Enzyme:

Answer 43

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 44

- Degration of a (1----->4) - Cleaves the a(1---->4) linkages in glycogen

Answer 44

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 45

Glucose-1-Phosphate isomerizes to give Glucose-6-Phosphate

Answer 45

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 46

Complete breakdown requires debranching enzymes that degrade a(1--->6) linkages.

Answer 46

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 47

Transfers a limit brach of three glucose residue to the end of another branch, where they are removed by glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 47

Debranching Eznyme

Question 48

Debranching enzyme will hydrolyze the 1 remained _____ into glucose

Answer 48

a(1------->6)