lec 9- other localization methods Flashcards
how is phagocytosis carried out?
by a few types of cells specialized for uptake of relatively large particles and in mammals is receptor mediated
what does the phagosome fuse with?
it fuses with the lysosome to become a phagolysosome in which the contents are usually destroyed
are peroxizomes organelles?
yes
how do proteins import themselves into the peroxizome?
by an amino acid sequence that acts as the address which is then recognized by the receptors on the organelles outer membrane
what type of transport do the proteins importing themselves into peroxizomes use?
post-translation
what do peroxizomes contain?
contain oxidases (enzymes that use molecular oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific organ substrates in an oxidation reaction that produces hydrogen peroxide)
what uses the hydrogen peroxides in peroxizomes?
catalase (also in the peroxizome), oxidizes other toxic substances or converted to water/oxygen
what else do peroxizomes break down?
the fatty acids, two carbons at a time into acetyl CoA
what do the peroxizomes do by doing a biosynthetic reaction?
do the reaction which is the first step in forming plasmalogens (phospholipid abundant in myelin)
what are the 4 compartments of the mitochondria where proteins can end up?
-outer membrane
-inner membrane
-intermembrane space
-matrix
which 2 compartments has the most proteins?
the inner membrane and the matrix
what parts of the mitochondria have a protein import complex?
outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)
can the mitochondria also synthesize membrane proteins?
yes
what is the signal sequence for the internal membrane called?
internal targeting sequences, stay as a part of the molecule
where is the signal sequence for the matrix?
at the N-terminus and is removed
