lec 16- vaccination Flashcards
what is herd immunity?
when the majority of a population is immune to a pathogen, the chances of a susceptible individual contacting an infected individual is low
what is the leading cause of death world wide?
infectious diseases
what are the features of pathogens that the vaccine works best on?
pathogens that:
-do not undergo antigenic variation
-do not establish latency
-do not interfere with the host immune response
-do not have animal reservoirs
what is active immunity?
immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine
Natural: antibodies made after getting an infection
Artificial: antibodies made after getting a vaccine
what is passive immunity?
immunity you acquire from someone or something else
Natural: antibodies transmitted from mother to baby
Artificial: antibodies acquired from immune serum medicine
what do attenuated vaccines do?
They make it so the virus is still alive but loses its pathogenicity by being passed through non human cells where it does not grow well, and then grow in human cells badly and lack pathogenicity
what are killer viruses?
viruses that cannot reproduce
how do you stop a killer virus?
by making the nucleic acid inactive
how to make an inactivated vaccine?
- choose virus and inject into fertilized egg
- incubate egg and allow viral replication
- collect allantoic fluid from egg full of live virus
- deactivate and chop virus, mix with other strains for seasonal vaccine
what is added in a vaccine to enhance the response it has on an antigen?
adjuvents
what do adjuvents do?
activate the innate immune response
what is an mRNA vaccine?
a type of vaccine that uses a mRNA that makes a part of the viral protein, it is then inserted into the cell letting it recognize it. Now the cell can make antibodies which attach to the viral protein, destroying it.
what is a subunit vaccine?
a vaccine that contains a part of the pathogen to cause an immune response
