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CC1 > Lec 8: Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Lec 8: Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal screening filter paper is usually done ___.

A

1 to 2 days after birth

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2
Q
  1. Serum is much clearer because of ___.
  2. Plasma is somewhat hazy because of ___.
A
  1. Absence of fibrinogen
  2. Presence of fibrinogen
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3
Q

Used in microbiology and can cause false increase in P, Uric avid, and K.

A

Cleaning agent: betadine (povidone iodine)

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4
Q

How is blood collection performed when collecting from an IV site?

A

• Above IV should be avoided
• Collect from below the IV after it is turned off for 2 to 5 minutes
• discard the first 5mL

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5
Q

Tourniquet application for ___ minutes increases __, Iron, ___, and __.

A

(a) more than 3 minutes

(b) TP, AST bilirubin, total lipids

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6
Q

ANTICOAGULANT INTERFERENCE

  1. Inhibits amylase
  2. Action of Fluoride
  3. Chelates metallic enzyme activators
  4. Action of Oxalate
A
  1. Oxalate & Citrate
  2. Inhibits enzyme activity
  3. EDTA
  4. Inhibits amylase, LD, & ACP
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7
Q
  • characterized by a milky or highly turbid serum
  • obtained normally after a meal due to elevated exogenous chylomicrons
A

Lactescence (Lipemic serum)

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8
Q

Intensely yellow serum due to elevated bilirubin

A

Ictericia (icteric serum)

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9
Q
  1. Leakage of intracellular substance is called ___.
  2. Common causes of IN VITRO hemolysis
A
  1. Laking
  2. In vitro causes:
    • Vigorous mixing
    • alcohol
    • too narrow/wide needle bores
    • under draw & did not hit vein
    • centrifuge before blood completely clots around 20-30 minutes
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10
Q

Sites for skin puncture

A
  • free edges earlobe
  • palmar surface of finger
  • plantar surface of heal & toe
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11
Q

In skin puncture, the depth of the incision should be ___ to avoid contact with bone

A

Less than 2.5 mm

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12
Q

A suitable substitute for arterial blood determination of pH & pCO2

A

Capillary blood
• when warmed, blood flow increases, so it becomes arterial-rich blood

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13
Q

Complications of Arterial puncture

A
  • hematoma
  • blood flow restriction
  • temporary discomfort
  • thrombosis, hemorrhage, infection
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14
Q

ARTERIAL PUNCTURE

  1. Preferred sites
  2. Anticoagulant used
  3. Needle sizes used
  4. Angles in collection
A
  1. Brachial & Radial arteries
  2. Heparin
  3. (a) Radial: 23–25
    (b) Brachial: 18–20
  4. (a) Brachial: 45–60°
    (b) Femoral: 90°
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15
Q

A swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during or following a venipuncture

A

Hematoma

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16
Q

COMPLICATIONS OF VENIPUNCTURE

  1. Local immediate
  2. Local delayed
  3. General delayed
A

Local immediate
• Hemoconcentration
• failure of blood to enter syringe
• syncope
• circulatory failure

Local delayed
• Hematoma
• Thrombophlebitis
• thrombosis

General delayed
• HIV
• Hepatitis B

17
Q

Anticoagulant

  • prevents glycolysis
  • shows abnormal cell morphology
  • for glucose test, blood alcohol, and lactic acid
A

Gray top tube
✓ Sodium Fluoride
• prevents glycolysis
✓ Potassium oxalate
• anticoagulant

18
Q

Anticoagulant

  • chelates and decreases calcium and iron
  • anticoagulant of choice of Hematology
  • for CBC & forward blood typing
A

Lavender top tube
✓ EDTA

19
Q

Anticoagulant

  • causes least interference
  • inhibits thrombin & factor 10 A
  • for blood gases, electrolytes, NPN
A

Green top tube
✓ Lithium heparin
✓ Sodium heparin
✓ Ammonium heparin

20
Q
  1. Anticoagulant of Gold Top tube
  2. Anticoagulant of Red top tube (plastic)
  3. Lab test for Red top tube
  4. Anticoagulant of Light blue top tube
  5. Purpose of Light blue top tube
  6. Purpose of Yellow top tube
  7. Anticoagulant of Yellow top tube
A
  1. Silica with thixotropic gel
  2. Silica
  3. Serology, cross matching, reverse blood typing
  4. Sodium citrate
  5. Coagulation studies
  6. Microbiology/blood culture
  7. SPS
21
Q

Inert substances contained in/near the bottom of tubes which lodges between cell and fluid — forming a barrier

A

Gel / Thixotropic gel separators

22
Q
  • Hastens the clotting to extract serum faster
  • ex: thrombin
A

Clot activators

23
Q

Gauge of:

  1. Green
  2. Blue
  3. Black
A
  1. 21
  2. 23
  3. 22
24
Q

Tests must be done on the specimen not longer than ___ from blood collection

A

2 hours

25
Q

Angle of venipuncture

A

15°

26
Q

Application of tourniquet must be ___ the site. It must not be applied more than ___.

A

(a) 2 to 3 inches above
(b) 1 minute

27
Q

SITES OF VENIPUNCTURE

  1. often the only vein felt in obese patients
  2. Not well anchored and rolls easily
  3. Large, most stationary and closer to the surface
A
  1. Cephalic vein
  2. Basilic vein
  3. Median cubital vein
28
Q

Blood specimen

  1. Contains arterial and venous blood
  2. Lower oxygen, dark bluish color
  3. Rich in oxygen, bright red color
A
  1. Capillary blood
  2. Venous blood
  3. Arterial blood
29
Q

Specimens that are anaerobic and are placed in ice slurry

A

Lactic acid, ammonia, blood gas

30
Q
  1. In vivo common interferences
  2. In vitro common interferences
A

In Vivo
• dehydration
• ethanol ingestion
• lifestyle
• tobacco smoking

In vitro
• hemolysis
• platelets
• position
• microclot

CC1 (16 decks)

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