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Lec 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The solvent poured through. It is in liquid or gas form. Also called eluent

A

Mobile phase

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2
Q

Solid base of powder packed into the column, where the mobile phase flows. Should be in solid or liquid form.

A

Stationary phase

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3
Q

The solid material which serves as the stationary phase in the adsorption chromatography.

A

Adsorbent

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4
Q

A solid material that supports the liquid film in partition chromatography.

A

Support

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5
Q

The process where mobile phase is allowed to flow over the adsorbent or support

A

Development

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6
Q

The analyte material that emerges from the chromatograph.

A

Eluate

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7
Q

Component molecules of the substance being separated. Also substances being dissolved.

A

Solutes

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8
Q

The process where the separated substances on the chromatogram are washed off the adsorbent.

A

Elution

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9
Q

It is to become separated into constituent parts. A technique developed to separate plant pigments into colored bands.

A

Resolution

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10
Q

The process of separation of a chemical mixture into different components based on their physical-chemical characteristics and interaction of molecules with the mobile and stationary phase through a support medium.

A

Chromatography

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11
Q

4 Physico-chemical properties used as a basis in the separation of soluble components in a solution

A

Differences in:
1. Adsorption to the medium
2. Relative solubilities of mobile & stationary phase
3. Ionic attraction to the sorbent
4. Penetration into a sorbent gel

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12
Q

Type of chromatography that includes:
Classical Adsorption chromatography & Ion exchange

A

Liquid-Solid

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13
Q

Type of chromatography that includes:
Classical Partition Paper Chromatography & Thin Layer Chromatography

A

Liquid-Liquid

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14
Q

Type of chromatography that includes:
Gas Liquid Chromatography

A

Gas-Liquid

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15
Q

In Adsorption:
• Mobile phase should be in ____ form.
• Stationary phase should be in ___ form.

A

• Mobile phase is in liquid or gas form
• Stationary phase is in solid or liquid form

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16
Q

In Partition:
• Mobile phase should be in ___ form
• Stationary phase should be in ___ form

A

• Mobile phase is in liquid or gas form
• Stationary phase is in liquid form

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17
Q

_____ Chromatography:

The affinity of the components of a mixture for the adsorbent and the solubility in the mobile phase result in the resolution of the mixture.

A

Adsorption Chromatography (principle)

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18
Q

The Physical forces that control Adsorption chromatography

A

Hydrogen bonding,
Electrostatic,
Dispersive interactions,
Van der Waal Forces

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19
Q

Properties of a Good adsorbent

A

• insoluble to the solvent used
• neither react with separated substance, nor catalyze their decomposition
• colorless adsorbent, if colored separated substance

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20
Q

____ Chromatography:

Separation of solutes is based on relative solubility of the organic nonpolar solvent and the aqueous polar solvent

A

Partition chromatography (principle)

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21
Q

• Organic molecules with unequal sharing of electrons
• hydrophilic
• partially soluble in water

A

Polar groups

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22
Q

• Organic molecules predominantly made of covalent bonds with equal sharing of electrons
• hydrophobic

A

Nonpolar groups

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23
Q

K = solute in stationary phase ÷ solute in mobile phase

A

Partition of Coefficient (formula)

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24
Q

The ratio of the solute’s concentration in the 2 liquids

A

Partition of Coefficient (K)

25
Normal Phase Partition
When the *mobile phase* is **less polar** than the stationary phase
26
A partition system when the *mobile phase* is **more polar**
Reverse Phase Partition
27
____ Partition chromatography uses ________ that are: • chemically bonded to the support • insoluble to the mobile phase
**Modern** Partition chromatography uses **pseudo-liquid** stationary phases that are.....??
28
The characteristics of a good support:
• **r**etains stationary phase • **e**xposes a large surface area to the mobile phase • **m**echanically stable • **i**mpedes solvent flow • has **a**dsorptive properties • **i**nert to the separated substances
29
• one of the 3 most common solid support used • Strong adsorptive properties • retains 50% to 75% of water
Silica gel
30
• one of the 3 most common solid support used • permits **separation of large quantities** of materials
Cellulose powder
31
Commercially available as *kieselguhr* or Celite
Diatomaceous Earth
32
• beads of cross-linked **dextran** • granular, hydrophilic, water-insoluble, porous
Sepha**dex**
33
• **Agarose** • CANNOT stand pressure >800 psi
Seph**arose**
34
• **P**olyacrylamide
Bio Gel **P**
35
• most common gel type under Steric Exclusion • **resistant to pressure** >800 psi
Water-silica-based product
36
• Mobile Phase is an aqueous solvent • Stationary Phase is a gel
Steric Exclusion / Molecular Exclusion
37
It consists of a **reversible exchange** of **ions** between solid and liquid phases
Ion exchange chromatography
38
Column Chromatography: 3 supports used to retain the solid phase at the bottom of the column.
Glass wool plugs, Filter paper, Sintered glass disks
39
A Packing technique wherein the **adsorbent** is introduced into the column.
Dry packing
40
A packing technique wherein the **adsorbent & solvent** are poured into the column
Wet Packing
41
Descending Chromatography
The solvent moves by **gravitational flow**
42
Ascending chromatography
The solvent runs *upwards* by **capillary action**
43
Support medium for Paper Chromatography
• Whatman paper (a-cellulose of high purity) • KIMTEC Chromatography paper
44
Paper Chromatography: Methods used for Detection
1. Color reactions 2. Radioactivity scanning 3. Fluorescence 4. UV absorption 5. Infrared absorption
45
It designated the degree of Monochromacity of a filter
Spectral band width
46
3 situations wherein you Calibrate the instrument (spectrophotometer)
Malfunction of instrument, When newly installed, Periodic calibration
47
A graph that shows the **pattern of absorbances** by a solute at **different wavelengths**.
Spectra Absorption graph
48
Spectra Absorption Graph (purpose)
To determine the highest absorbance at different wavelengths
49
Wavelength of **choice**. The wavelength which gives the **highest absorption reading**.
Analytical wavelength
50
5 ways to eliminate stray radiation
1. Change the light source 2. Verify wavelength calibration 3. Seal light leaks 4. Realigning instrument components 5. Cleaning optical surfaces
51
The basic components of High Performance of Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Sample injection, Pump, Detector, Recorder
52
It is used to **identify compounds** when **compared with standard retention volumes** that is run under **identical conditions**.
Retention volume
53
____ retention volume is when the solute has **less affinity** with the *stationary phase*
Low retention volume
54
___ retention volume is when the solute has the **highest affinity** with the stationary phase
Greatest retention volume
55
The time required for the *sample* to **elute from the column**
Retention Time
56
It has **short retention time** which means *poor separation*.
Early eluting compounds
57
It has **long retention time** which means *decreased sensitivity*.
Late eluting compounds
58
The substance's **affinity to the liquid stationary phase** over the **gaseous mobile phase**
Gas chromatography (principle)

CC1 (16 decks)

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