LEC 8 - Recap Flashcards
What are developmental cascades?
Spreading effects over time that result from interactions in dynamic systems across domains, levels, systems, or generations that cumulatively alter the course of development
What are the four waves of resilience research?
What are the types of person focused models?
Wave 1
What are variable focused modelss?
What are hybrid models?
Hybrid Model combination between person focused and variable focused models
What is the minnesota studies of children vulnerable to psychopathology?
The Minnesota studies of children vulnerable to psychopathology, also known as Project Competence, are a series of longitudinal research projects aimed at understanding the development of children at risk for severe psychopathology. These studies were initiated by Norman Garmezy and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota.
The research focuses on several key areas:
- Risk Cohorts: The studies involve different groups of children, including those with schizophrenic mothers, psychotic but non-schizophrenic mothers, and children exhibiting externalizing or internalizing behavior disturbances, as well as normal controls¹.
- Social Competence: One of the main goals is to measure social competence and differentiate between risk and control groups based on attentional functioning¹.
- Longitudinal Perspective: The research follows these children over several years to observe their adaptation and development, providing valuable insights into how early risk factors influence long-term outcomes¹.
- Operational Measures: The studies aim to define and establish valid measures for constructs such as group risk status and developmental competence¹.
These studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of how early life experiences and environmental factors can impact the psychological development of children at risk for psychopathology.
What Early and Late bloomers regarding resilience?
*Early bloomers (relatively stable):
Planfulness/future motivation
Autonomy
Adult support (outside the family)
Coping skills
Late bloomers:
Motivated about the future
Autonomy
Adult support (outside the family)
Taking advantage of opportunities
Most were women
What are the most important elements of the Resilience Homeless and Highly mobile (HHM) project, chapter 4
- Risks predicts risk
- Effective parenting
- Cognitive Skills
- Executive Functioning
- Self Control
What are the resilience trajectories?
How do the trajectories differ between acute trauma and chronic adversity?
How does childhood maltreatment affect the brain?
What is the role of genetics in resilience?
Genetics
*Resilience is partly heritable
*Genetic effects are often polygenic
*Biological sensitivity to context / Differential susceptibility to experience
*The trait itself is not inherently a vulnerability or protective factor; the function arises in the interplay of individual and context.
*Brain plasticity varies between individuals
How is the brain structurally altered in CM versus non-CM?
CM=Individuals with experience of childhood maltreatment
Non-CM=Individuals without experience of childhood maltreatment
Reduced volume of the hippocampus, anterior cingulate and ventromedial and dorsomedial cortices
Altered development of key fibre tracts and sensory systems that process and convey stressful experiences
Increased amygdala response to threatening stimuli
Reduced connectivity between prefrontal regions and the amygdala
Reduced ventral striatal (reward system) response to rewards
Increased precuneus network centrality (memory and self reflection)
What is the Stress Acceleration Hypothesis?
Because of early life adversity?
*Faster brain development
*More mature than peers of the same age
*Could be adaptive
*May increase mental health vulnerability in later lif
What are examples of individual protective factors
