lec 8

Question 1

Subphylum and Class Anthozoa num of species

Answer 1

7200 spp

Question 2

Subclass Octocorallia
howmany tentacles
and other things
skeleton?

Answer 2

subclass of anthozoa
-8 tentacles per polyp
-8 gastrovascular septa
-most have calcareous endoskeleton that forms in mesoglea

Question 3

Subclass Hexacorallia
howmany tentacles
how many other things
skeleton?

Answer 3

subclass of anthozoa
-includes solitary sea anemones and colonial stony corals
-more than 8 tentacles
-gastrovascular septa
multiples of 6 pairs
-calcareous skeleton secreted by epidermis–> considered exoskeleton

Question 4

shared symmetry of anthozoa

Answer 4

hexaradial/octaradial symmetry

Question 5

Class Hydrozoa species num

Answer 5

3500 sp

Question 6

hydroids can be

Answer 6

thecate or naked

Question 7

Hydroidswhat form dominates

Answer 7

polyp form dominates, solitary or colonial

Question 8

Class Hydrozoa
whatsspecial abt these mfs

Answer 8

-hydroids
-division of labor in colonial polyps

Question 9

fire corals

Answer 9

play an important role in coral
reefs; medusa stage reduced
- part of the hydrocorals

Question 10

chondrophores
and what do they include

Answer 10

-entirely pelagic
-includes
Velella

Question 11

siphonophores

Answer 11

swimming or floating
polymorphic colonies

Question 12

polymorphic

Answer 12

multiple medusoid & polypoid forms in one colony

Question 13

Class Scyphozoa how many spec

Answer 13

true’ jellyfish; ~200 spp

Question 14

Class cubazoa spc num

Answer 14

20 spc

Question 15

Class Cubozoa features

Answer 15

-almost square bell
-have complex eyes that can form images
-most potent stings

Question 16

class staurozoa num spp

Answer 16

50 spp

Question 17

class staurozoa features

Answer 17

benthic and non ciliated planula that transform to sessile poly that develops to mostly sessile medusa

Question 18

shared features of medusozoa

Answer 18

medusae(lost in some hydrozoa)
linear mitochondrial DNA

Question 19

Class Polypodiozoa

Answer 19

class of endocnidozoa
1 species
freshwater, paracitic inside sturgeon eggs

Question 20

Polypodium

Answer 20

paracites inside sturgeon eggs, spend years inside unfertilized eggs, then laid into water and burst out of eggs as medusoids

Question 21

Endocnidozoa: Myxozoa sppc numb

Answer 21

2200 spc

Question 22

Myxozoa features
specialized structures?

Answer 22

all parasitic in invertebrates
have myxospores–> cnida like structures

Question 23

what causes whirling disease

Answer 23

Myxobolus
cerebralis

Question 24

shared features of endocnidozoa

Answer 24

obligatory endoparasitism

Question 25

Feeding in Cnidaria

Answer 25

except for parasites, all knidarians are predators

Question 26

partially digested food distributed throughout body via

Answer 26

gastrovascular system

Question 27

undigested waste expelled how?cnidarians

Answer 27

through the mouth

Question 28

how do many cnidarians supplement diet?

Answer 28

carbohydrates produced by symbiotic algae
:marine cnidarians host zooxanthellae

Question 29

defences in cnidarians

Answer 29

nematocysts are used
in defense against predators

Question 30

medical for cniderians

Answer 30

-nematocysts of many species can damage
human skin
-vinegar can inhibit firing

Question 31

uses for cnidaria for humans

Answer 31

-jellyfish are
consumed as food
-anemones too
-aquarium trade
-tourism

Question 32

threats to coral reefs

Answer 32

overharvesting, trawling,
excessive nutrient run-off,
warming waters, loss of
zooxanthellae

Question 33

Phylum Ctenophora spc

Answer 33

130
all marine

Question 34

Phylum Ctenophora shit

Answer 34

mostly pelagic
suggest possibility of most basal metazoan

Question 35

Phylum Ctenophora share features with Cnidaria 4

Answer 35

1. type of radial symmetry with a clear oral-aboral axis
2. diploblastic organization, w a mostly non-cellular middle layer
3. gastrovascular cavity that serves
   both for digestion and for distribution of food and oxygen
4. nerve net rather than a centralized nervous
   system

Question 36

Phylum Ctenophora differnet features with Cnidaria 6

Answer 36

1. lack cnidocytes
2. asexual reproduction rare
3. are never colonial
4. vast majority are hermaphroditic
   and free-spawn both eggs and sperm somtimes self-fertilize
5. do not have a planula larva, called cydippid
6. possess a mouth and maybe a type
   of through-gut with two anal pores

Question 37

Ctenophora distinctive features 4

Answer 37

1. adults exhibit
   biradial symmetry
2. Comb rows made of ctenes, formed from paddle-like
   groups of cilia
3. largest animals able to
   swim using cilia–> v big cilia
4. 2 long tentacles covered w coloblasts
5. statocyst at aboral end

Question 38

coloblasts

Answer 38

unique to ctenophore
very adhesive cells for catching prey

Question 39

statocyst

Answer 39

-organ of balance and orientation
-evolved independently in many invertebrates

Question 40

whats in statocyst

Answer 40

calcareous statolith is balanced on four tufts of
cilia that are each connected to two comb rows,
if lith presses against shit it sends nervous signal kinda cool

Question 41

ctenophores feeding

Answer 41

predators

Question 42

Mnemiopsis

Answer 42

introduction caused crash of fisheries in black sea cuz it eats fish eggs
beroe got introduced too and fucks the mnemiopsis

Question 43

ctenophore gut

Answer 43

lacking a ‘true’ through-gut
however anal pores are temporary so technically temporary anus and temporary through gut