Lec 6 Transfusion

Question 1

What are the components of blood?

Answer 1

• plasma
• platelets
• white cells
• red cells

Question 2

What is normal hematocrit?

Answer 2

~40%

Question 3

What is function of platelets? What happens if low?

Answer 3

initial hemostasis/clotting

low platelets –> GI bleed, nose bleed

Question 4

What is function of giving fresh frozen plasma [FFP]? What happens if low?

Answer 4

important for clotting factors = platelets start the clot and clotting factors of plasma important for the clot staying

low plasma clotting factors –> see deeper bleeds into joints etc

Question 5

When do you give granulocytes?

Answer 5

pt with an infection and don’t have their own neutrophils

Question 6

What is the difference between cryo and FFP?

Answer 6

cryo has just a few big proteins –> factor VIII, factor I [fibrinogen], von willebrand

FFP has all of the clotting factors

Question 7

Where are clotting factors made?

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

What clotting factor disappears first in liver failure?

Answer 8

factor VII used up first

Question 9

What is difference serum and plasma?

Answer 9

serum has clotting factors removed

Question 10

How is ABO system expressed?

Answer 10

codominant

Question 11

What antigens/antibodies does group A blood have?

Answer 11

• have A antigen

- have anti-B antibody

Question 12

What antigens/antibodies does group B blood have?

Answer 12

• have B antigen

- have anti-A antibody

Question 13

What antigens/antibodies does group O blood have?

Answer 13

• have no antigen

- have anti-A and anti-B antibody

Question 14

What antigens/antibodies does group AB blood have?

Answer 14

• have A and B antigen

- have no antibody

Question 15

Is O person universal RBC or plasma donor?

Answer 15

universal RBC donor –> have no antigens that the recipient will react to

not a universal plasma donor –> b/c they have that antibodies to A and B

Question 16

What blood type is the universal RBC donor?

Answer 16

O

Question 17

What blood type is the universal plasma donor?

Answer 17

AB

Question 18

What is front type?

Answer 18

test patients RBCs and separate reagent antibodies against A and B antigens

== what red cells are

Question 19

What is back type?

Answer 19

patients’s serum/plasma is tested against separate reagents of RBCS of type A and type B antigens

== what is in serum

Question 20

What type of antibodies are antiA/antiB?

Answer 20

IgM

Question 21

What happens if you give the wrong type of blood?

Answer 21

antibodies fix complement

causes intravascular hemolysis

Question 22

What does RH pos/neg mean?

Answer 22

specifically talking about D antigen of Rh gene

positive = you have it
negative = you don't have it

positive is dominant; just need one allele

Question 23

What is purpose of antibody screen?

Answer 23

pick up non-ABO antibodies

may be important in pregnancy

Question 24

What is crossmatch?

Answer 24

last test to make sure RBCs are compatible

Question 25

When do you do full crossmatch?

Answer 25

in patient with atypical antibodies –> mix RBCs from donor + patient plasma and look for reaction

Question 26

What is TRALI?

Answer 26

transfusion associated acute lung injury

develops w/in 6 hrs of transfusion
have rapid onset dyspnea, hypotension, fever and diffuse infiltrates

Question 27

What are most common complications of transfusion?

Answer 27

• fluid overload
• TRALI
• ABO incompatilitity