Lec 6 Transfusion Flashcards
What are the components of blood?
- plasma
- platelets
- white cells
- red cells
What is normal hematocrit?
~40%
What is function of platelets? What happens if low?
initial hemostasis/clotting
low platelets –> GI bleed, nose bleed
What is function of giving fresh frozen plasma [FFP]? What happens if low?
important for clotting factors = platelets start the clot and clotting factors of plasma important for the clot staying
low plasma clotting factors –> see deeper bleeds into joints etc
When do you give granulocytes?
pt with an infection and don’t have their own neutrophils
What is the difference between cryo and FFP?
cryo has just a few big proteins –> factor VIII, factor I [fibrinogen], von willebrand
FFP has all of the clotting factors
Where are clotting factors made?
liver
What clotting factor disappears first in liver failure?
factor VII used up first
What is difference serum and plasma?
serum has clotting factors removed
How is ABO system expressed?
codominant
What antigens/antibodies does group A blood have?
- have A antigen
- have anti-B antibody
What antigens/antibodies does group B blood have?
- have B antigen
- have anti-A antibody
What antigens/antibodies does group O blood have?
- have no antigen
- have anti-A and anti-B antibody
What antigens/antibodies does group AB blood have?
- have A and B antigen
- have no antibody
Is O person universal RBC or plasma donor?
universal RBC donor –> have no antigens that the recipient will react to
not a universal plasma donor –> b/c they have that antibodies to A and B
What blood type is the universal RBC donor?
O
What blood type is the universal plasma donor?
AB
What is front type?
test patients RBCs and separate reagent antibodies against A and B antigens
== what red cells are
What is back type?
patients’s serum/plasma is tested against separate reagents of RBCS of type A and type B antigens
== what is in serum
What type of antibodies are antiA/antiB?
IgM
What happens if you give the wrong type of blood?
antibodies fix complement
causes intravascular hemolysis
What does RH pos/neg mean?
specifically talking about D antigen of Rh gene
positive = you have it negative = you don't have it
positive is dominant; just need one allele
What is purpose of antibody screen?
pick up non-ABO antibodies
may be important in pregnancy
What is crossmatch?
last test to make sure RBCs are compatible
When do you do full crossmatch?
in patient with atypical antibodies –> mix RBCs from donor + patient plasma and look for reaction
What is TRALI?
transfusion associated acute lung injury
develops w/in 6 hrs of transfusion
have rapid onset dyspnea, hypotension, fever and diffuse infiltrates
What are most common complications of transfusion?
- fluid overload
- TRALI
- ABO incompatilitity
